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BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate Sanders type 2 calcaneal fractures in 197 patients from a single center using the 3D (three-dimensional) CT (computed tomography) mapping method. MATERIAL AND METHODS A consecutive series of 197 Sanders type 2 joint depression calcaneal fractures was used. The segment and split functions were used to create each calcaneal fragment using Mimics Research 20.0 software. The fracture fragments were reduced in 3-matic Research 12.0 software. In the E-3D Medical 18.01 software, after superimposing the fractured calcaneus entity with the calcaneus template, we drew the fracture line on the template. Finally, the heatmap was obtained by fracture statistical analysis function. Simultaneously, the distribution of the fracture lines in the anterior part of the calcaneus (APC) and middle talar joint was recorded. RESULTS There were 109 cases of Sanders type 2A, 46 cases of Sanders type 2B, and 42 cases of Sanders type 2C. Based on the data, we drew the characteristic fracture map of type 2A 2B and 2C. This study found that the most common types of Sanders type 2A in APC and middle talar articular surface are type AC and type AD. In Sanders type 2B, the most common type is type AC, and in Sanders type 2C it is type ACD. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study showed that 3D CT imaging and reconstruction of the calcaneus was a useful diagnostic method to evaluate and classify joint depression calcaneal fractures. The calcaneal fracture map can be used to guide surgical planning and optimize the design of internal fixation.

背景

本研究旨在通过三维（3D）CT 映射方法评估来自单一中心的 197 例桑德斯 2 型跟骨骨折患者。

材料和方法

连续纳入 197 例桑德斯 2 型关节下型跟骨骨折患者。使用 Mimics Research 20.0 软件分割和分离功能来创建每个跟骨碎片。在 3-matic Research 12.0 软件中，将骨折碎片进行复位。在 E-3D Medical 18.01 软件中，将骨折跟骨实体与跟骨模板叠加后，在模板上绘制骨折线。最后，通过骨折统计分析功能获得热图。同时记录跟骨前部分（APC）和中距关节骨折线的分布。

结果

109 例为桑德斯 2A 型，46 例为桑德斯 2B 型，42 例为桑德斯 2C 型。根据这些数据，我们绘制了 2A、2B 和 2C 型的特征骨折图。本研究发现，在 APC 和中距关节面，桑德斯 2A 型最常见的类型是 AC 型和 AD 型。在桑德斯 2B 型中，最常见的类型是 AC 型，而在桑德斯 2C 型中则是 ACD 型。