China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
Environ Res. 2021 Nov;202:111731. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111731. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
Significant efforts have been directed toward addressing the adverse health effects of particulate matter, while few data exist to evaluate indoor exposure nationwide in China.
This study aimed to investigate dwellings particulate matter levels in the twelve cities in China and provide large data support for policymakers to accelerate the legislative process.
The current study was based on the CIEHS 2018 study and conducted in 12 cities of China. A total of 2128 air samples were collected from 610 residential households during the summer and winter. Both PM and PM were detected with a light-scattering dust meter in both the living room and bedroom. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to evaluate the correlations between PM and PM concentrations and both sampling season and site. Ratios of the living room to bedroom were calculated to evaluate the particulate matter variation between rooms. Hierarchical clustering was used to probe the question of whether the concentration varies between cities throughout China.
The geometric means of the PM in living rooms and bedrooms were 39.80 and 36.55 μg/m in the summer, and 70.97 and 67.99 μg/m in the winter, respectively. In the summer, approximately 70 % of indoor dwelling PM exceeded the limit of 25 μg/m, and for PM approximately 60 % of dwellings demonstrated levels higher than 50 μg/m; the corresponding values were over 90 % and 80 % in winter, respectively. In Shijiazhuang, Lanzhou, Luoyang and Qingdao, the geometric means of the PM concentrations were observed to be 1.5 to 4.3 times higher during winter than during summer; similar concentrations in summer and winter were observed in Harbin, Wuxi, and Shenzhen, while the PM concentrations in Panjin were approximately 1.5 times higher in summer than in winter. There was no significant difference in particulate matter concentrations between the living rooms and bedrooms. Scatter plots showed that cities with low GDP and a small population had higher concentrations, while Shenzhen, which has a higher GDP and a large permanent population, had a relatively low concentration of particulate matter.
Our results suggest that indoor air pollution is a severe problem in China. It is necessary to continue monitoring indoor air quality to observe the changing trend under the tremendous effort of the Chinese government.
尽管人们已经投入大量精力来应对颗粒物对健康的不利影响，但目前中国全国范围内的室内暴露数据仍然很少。
本研究旨在调查中国 12 个城市的住宅颗粒物水平，为决策者提供大量数据支持，以加速立法进程。
本研究基于 CIEHS 2018 研究，在中国 12 个城市进行。在夏季和冬季，从 610 户住宅中采集了 2128 个空气样本。在客厅和卧室中使用光散射粉尘计同时检测 PM 和 PM。采用 Wilcoxon 秩和检验评估 PM 和 PM 浓度与采样季节和地点之间的相关性。计算客厅与卧室的比值，以评估房间之间颗粒物的变化。采用层次聚类法探讨中国各城市之间浓度是否存在差异。
夏季客厅和卧室的 PM 几何平均值分别为 39.80 和 36.55μg/m，冬季分别为 70.97 和 67.99μg/m。夏季，约 70%的室内住宅 PM 超过 25μg/m 的限值，约 60%的 PM 超过 50μg/m；冬季，相应的比例分别超过 90%和 80%。在石家庄、兰州、洛阳和青岛，冬季 PM 浓度的几何平均值比夏季高 1.5 到 4.3 倍；哈尔滨、无锡和深圳夏季和冬季的浓度相似，而盘锦夏季的 PM 浓度比冬季高 1.5 倍左右。客厅和卧室之间的颗粒物浓度没有显著差异。散点图显示，GDP 低、人口少的城市浓度较高，而 GDP 较高、常住人口较多的深圳颗粒物浓度相对较低。
我们的结果表明，中国的室内空气污染是一个严重的问题。有必要继续监测室内空气质量，以观察在中国政府的巨大努力下，变化趋势。
