Organic Synthesis, Electrochemistry & Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.
ACS Sens. 2021 Aug 27;6(8):3047-3055. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01058. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
The albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) has been a cancer prognostic indicator. This paper presents the concept of a dual-color change distance-based paper device (dPAD) for albumin (Alb) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection to evaluate this cancer prognostic index. Whereas Alb interacts with the bromocresol green (BCG) indicator to form a bluish-green complex, ALP hydrolyzes l-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AAP) to produce ascorbic acid (AA), which reacts with KIO to generate I and I. I/I reacts with silver hexagonal nanoprisms (purple color) in the presence of Cu, resulting in a color change from purple to colorless. The distance of the color change from yellow to the bluish-green and purple to colorless correlates to Alb and ALP concentration, respectively. The angle index for the AAPR is then defined by drawing a straight line that connects the tops of the two changed band lengths in the detection area. The highest bluish-green color band length on the Alb region is the midpoint, which is the position set of the protractor at 0°, and the angle is measured using a simple protractor. The results indicate that an AAPR below 0.57 will have an angle greater than 40° and correlates with a risk factor for lung cancer. The naked-eye detection limits for Alb and ALP were found to be 0.8 g/L and 5 U/L ( = 10), respectively. The practical application of the developed dPAD was successfully demonstrated by Alb and ALP analysis in human serum and validated against standard methods. The proposed method does not require incubation conditions for the ALP assay, which strongly reduces the overall analysis steps and time. Moreover, our device provides a low-cost, simple, sensitive, selective, accurate, and precise determination of the AAPR.
白蛋白-碱性磷酸酶比值（AAPR）一直是癌症的预后指标。本文提出了一种基于双颜色变化距离的纸基装置（dPAD）的概念，用于检测白蛋白（Alb）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP），以评估该癌症的预后指数。当 Alb 与溴甲酚绿（BCG）指示剂相互作用形成蓝绿色复合物时，ALP 会水解 l-抗坏血酸-2-磷酸（AAP）产生抗坏血酸（AA），AA 与 KIO 反应生成 I 和 I。在 Cu 的存在下，I/I 与银六方纳米棱柱（紫色）反应，导致颜色从紫色变为无色。颜色从黄色变为蓝绿色以及从紫色变为无色的变化距离分别与 Alb 和 ALP 浓度相关。然后通过绘制一条连接检测区域中两个变色带长度顶部的直线来定义 AAPR 的角度指数。Alb 区域上最高的蓝绿色带长度是中点，这是 0°位置设置的位置，角度使用简单的量角器测量。结果表明，AAPR 低于 0.57 将具有大于 40°的角度，并与肺癌的风险因素相关。发现 Alb 和 ALP 的肉眼检测限分别为 0.8 g/L 和 5 U/L（= 10）。通过对人血清中的 Alb 和 ALP 分析成功地展示了所开发的 dPAD 的实际应用，并与标准方法进行了验证。所提出的方法不需要孵育条件进行 ALP 测定，这大大减少了整体分析步骤和时间。此外，我们的设备提供了一种低成本、简单、灵敏、选择性、准确和精确的 AAPR 测定方法。
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