Magalies Water, Scientific Services, Research & Development Division, Erf 3475, Stoffberg street, Brits 0250, South Africa; Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), P. O. Box 392, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
School of Engineering, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Jan 5;421:126677. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126677. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
The co-management of different wastewater matrices can lead to synergistic effects in terms of pollutants removal. Here, the co-treatment of real municipal wastewater (MWW) and acid mine drainage (AMD) is comprehensively examined. Under the identified optimum co-treatment condition, i.e., 15 min contact time, 1:7 AMD to MWW liquid-to-liquid ratio, and ambient temperature and pH, the metal content of AMD (e.g., Al, Fe, Mn, Zn) was grossly (95%) reduced along with sulphate (92%), while MWW's phosphate content was practically removed (≥99%). The PHREEQC geochemical model predicted the formation of (oxy)-hydroxides, (oxy)-hydro-sulphates, metals hydroxides, and other mineral phases in the produced sludge, which were confirmed using state-of-the-art analytical techniques such as FE-SEM-EDS and XRD. The key mechanisms governing pollutants removal include dilution, precipitation, co-precipitation, adsorption, and crystallization. Beneficiation and valorisation of the produced sludge and co-treated effluent could promote resource recovery paradigms in wastewater management. Overall, the co-treatment of AMD and MWW appear to be feasible, yet not practical due to the excessive volume of MWW that is required to attain the desired treatment quality. Future research could focus on chemical addition for the control of the pH and the use of (photo)-Fenton for enhancing treatment efficiency.
不同废水基质的共管理可以在污染物去除方面产生协同效应。在这里，全面考察了实际城市废水（MWW）和酸性矿山排水（AMD）的共处理。在确定的最佳共处理条件下，即 15 分钟接触时间、AMD 与 MWW 的液比为 1:7、环境温度和 pH 值，AMD 的金属含量（如 Al、Fe、Mn、Zn）大致（95%）减少，同时硫酸盐（92%）大量减少，而 MWW 的磷酸盐含量几乎被完全去除（≥99%）。PHREEQC 地球化学模型预测了在产生的污泥中形成（氧）-氢氧化物、（氧）-水硫酸盐、金属氢氧化物和其他矿物相，这些相使用 FE-SEM-EDS 和 XRD 等先进的分析技术得到了证实。控制污染物去除的关键机制包括稀释、沉淀、共沉淀、吸附和结晶。产生的污泥和共处理废水的选矿和增值可以促进废水管理中的资源回收模式。总体而言，AMD 和 MWW 的共处理似乎是可行的，但由于需要大量的 MWW 才能达到所需的处理质量，因此不实用。未来的研究可以集中在添加化学物质以控制 pH 值以及使用（光）-芬顿法来提高处理效率。
