To explored the effect of preoperative antiviral therapy on the prognosis of microvascular tumor thrombi patients, and to established a prognostic prediction model for these patients after radical resection of liver cancer. The clinicopathological and survival data of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with microvascular tumor thrombus who underwent radical resection in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 were retrospectively collected. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival curve, and log-rank test was used to compare the prognosis of patients with and without antiviral treatment before operation. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to screen predictive factors. R software was used to make predictive nomogram, and discrimination and calibration degree were used to evaluate the prediction model. Among all 153 patients, 22 were female and 131 were male, aged (51.3±11.7) years. The preoperative antiviral therapy significantly improved overall survival and recurrence-free survival (χ=41.423, 54.389; both <0.001). According to the results of multivariate and regression analysis, preoperative antiviral therapy (=0.301,95%:0.171-0.532,<0.001), alpha fetoprotein (=1.226,95%:1.157-1.776,=0.032) and tumor size (=1.008,95%:1.001-1.016,=0.02) were important prognostic factors for overall survival. The area under curve value of 3-year survival prediction model was 0.749(95%: 0.712-0.782), and that of 5-year survival prediction model was 0.755(95%: 0.724-0.793), with good calibration. Preoperative anti hepatitis B virus(HBV) therapy can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with microvascular tumor thrombus, we develope the prediction models of 3-year and 5-year survival rate that can improve the reference for clinical work and benefit patients.