Ex-situ biogas upgrading in thermophilic up-flow reactors: The effect of different gas diffusers and gas retention times.

Four different types of ceramic gas distributors (AlO of 1.2 μm and SiC of 0.5, 7 and 14 μm) were evaluated to increase biomethane formation during ex-situ biogas upgrading process. Each type of gas diffuser was tested independently at three different gas retention times of 10, 5 and 2.5 h, at thermophilic conditions. CH production rate increased by increasing input gas flow rate for all type of distributors, whereas CH concentration declined. Reactors equipped with SiC gas distributors effectively improved biomethane content fulfilling natural gas standards. Microbial analysis showed high abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens and proliferated syntrophic bacteria, i.e. syntrophic acetate oxidizers and homoacetogens, confirming the effect of H to alternate anaerobic digestion microbiome and enhance hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. A detailed anaerobic bioconversion model was adapted to simulate the operation of the R-R reactors. The model was shown to be effective for the simulation of biogas upgrading process in up-flow reactors.