Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Trends Genet. 2021 Nov;37(11):1028-1043. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.07.003. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
APOBEC proteins can deaminate cytosine residues in DNA and RNA. This can lead to somatic mutations, DNA breaks, RNA modifications, or DNA demethylation in a selective manner. APOBECs function in various cellular compartments and recognize different nucleic acid motifs and structures. They orchestrate a wide array of genomic and epigenomic modifications, thereby affecting various cellular functions positively or negatively, including immune editing, viral and retroelement restriction, DNA damage responses, DNA demethylation, gene expression, and tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, the cumulative increase in genomic and epigenomic editing with aging could also, at least in part, be attributed to APOBEC function. We synthesize our cumulative understanding of APOBEC activity in a unifying overview and discuss their genomic and epigenomic impact in physiological, pathological, and technological contexts.
APOBEC 蛋白可以使 DNA 和 RNA 中的胞嘧啶残基脱氨基化。这可以以选择性的方式导致体细胞突变、DNA 断裂、RNA 修饰或 DNA 去甲基化。APOBEC 在各种细胞区室中发挥作用，识别不同的核酸基序和结构。它们协调广泛的基因组和表观基因组修饰，从而对各种细胞功能产生积极或消极的影响，包括免疫编辑、病毒和反转录元件限制、DNA 损伤反应、DNA 去甲基化、基因表达和组织稳态。此外，随着年龄的增长，基因组和表观基因组编辑的累积增加也至少部分归因于 APOBEC 的功能。我们综合我们对 APOBEC 活性的综合理解，并讨论它们在生理、病理和技术背景下的基因组和表观基因组影响。
