SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 29;22(15):8127. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158127.
Globally, HIV/AIDS and cancer are increasingly public health problems and continue to exist as comorbidities. The sub-Saharan African region has the largest number of HIV infections. Malignancies previously associated with HIV/AIDS, also known as the AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) have been documented to decrease, while the non-AIDS defining cancer (NADCs) are on the rise. On the other hand, cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and precision oncology as the most effective cancer therapy is gaining attraction. Among HIV-infected individuals, the increased risk for developing cancer is due to the immune system of the patient being suppressed, frequent coinfection with oncogenic viruses and an increase in risky behavior such as poor lifestyle. The core of personalised medicine for cancer depends on the discovery and the development of biomarkers. Biomarkers are specific and highly sensitive markers that reveal information that aid in leading to the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the disease. This review focuses mainly on the risk assessment, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic role of various cancer biomarkers in HIV-positive patients. A careful selection of sensitive and specific HIV-associated cancer biomarkers is required to identify patients at most risk of tumour development, thus improving the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
在全球范围内，艾滋病毒/艾滋病和癌症日益成为公共卫生问题，并继续存在于合并症中。撒哈拉以南非洲地区拥有最多的艾滋病毒感染人数。以前与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的恶性肿瘤，也称为艾滋病定义性癌症（ADCs），已经被记录在案，其数量有所减少，而非艾滋病定义性癌症（NADCs）则呈上升趋势。另一方面，癌症是一种高度异质性疾病，精准肿瘤学作为最有效的癌症治疗方法正在受到关注。在艾滋病毒感染者中，癌症发病风险增加是由于患者的免疫系统受到抑制、经常与致癌病毒共同感染以及不良生活方式等危险行为增加所致。癌症个体化医学的核心取决于生物标志物的发现和发展。生物标志物是特异性和高灵敏度的标志物，可提供有助于诊断、预后和治疗疾病的信息。这篇综述主要集中在各种癌症生物标志物在 HIV 阳性患者中的风险评估、诊断、预后和治疗作用。需要仔细选择敏感和特异性的与 HIV 相关的癌症生物标志物，以识别最有可能发生肿瘤发展的患者，从而改善疾病的诊断和预后。
