Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2021 Nov;95(5):702-715. doi: 10.1111/cen.14578. Epub 2021 Aug 8.
Puberty is a process of transition from childhood to adult reproductive capacity, governed by the reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis after a long period of dormancy in mid-childhood. As such, the reproductive hormones are in a state of flux during the adolescent years, and interpretation of both the onset of healthy, concordant puberty and the differentiation of precocious, delayed or disordered puberty, can be challenging. This review is focused on the description of the endocrine axes in healthy puberty and the markers of disorders of puberty that can aid diagnosis and management for patients with these conditions. It will cover the hypothalamic, pituitary and gonadal hormone systems, the dynamic changes that occur during puberty, conditions leading to precocious, delayed or absent puberty and other syndromes with disordered puberty, and the biochemical diagnosis of these different disorders of puberty.
青春期是从儿童期向成年生殖能力过渡的过程，由儿童中期长期休眠后下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的重新激活所控制。因此，在青春期，生殖激素处于不断变化的状态，对于健康、一致的青春期开始和早熟、延迟或紊乱青春期的分化的解释可能具有挑战性。本综述重点描述了健康青春期的内分泌轴和青春期障碍的标志物，这些标志物可以帮助诊断和管理这些疾病的患者。它将涵盖下丘脑、垂体和性腺激素系统，青春期发生的动态变化，导致早熟、延迟或无青春期的情况以及其他青春期障碍综合征，以及这些不同青春期障碍的生化诊断。
