Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Nicolau street, 210, Centro, Diadema, Brazil.
Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, 05508-120 São Paulo, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Dec 10;799:149409. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149409. Epub 2021 Aug 3.
Taking action to contribute to the preservation of the natural coastal environment, which maintains a diversity of life, is important in today's world. In estuarine ecosystems that are included in marine protected areas (MPA), it is important to conduct biomonitoring over time to monitor the effects of xenobiotics on bioindicator species such as the catfish Cathorops spixii. This study aims to evaluate the toxicogenetic signals in C. spixii from a MPA (Cananéia-Iguape region, Brazilian coast). These genotoxic signals are demonstrated by the presence of micronuclei (MN) and abnormalities in erythrocytes (AE). This study also takes into account the environmental differences signaled by the water's properties (temperature, salinity, pH, DO, dissolved nutrients, and particulate material) over time (2009, 2014, 2017, and 2018). The results show that in the northern region of the estuary, and mainly in 2009, the water properties reveal the influence of the river in the form of the lowest levels of salinity and pH and the highest levels of nutrients. The most significant levels of suspended particulate material and chlorophyll-a are found in the southern region of the estuary, mainly in 2017 and 2018. In general, the C. spixii from the northern region had better well-being than catfish from the more preserved (southern) region. The data on MN and AE show evidence of toxicogenetic damage occurring over time and clastogenic/aneugenic effects mainly in fish sampled in 2018. The presence of a new AE, first recorded in C. spixii sampled in 2018, and named here as double bubbled, is another indicator of toxicogenetic effects. Finally, although the southern region of the estuary has better abiotic properties and conditions for primary production, the obtained toxicogenetic data for C. spixii reinforces the need for - and encourages the implementation of - monitoring actions in this marine protected area using bioindicator species of contamination.
采取行动为保护自然沿海环境做出贡献，维护生物多样性，这在当今世界至关重要。在包含在海洋保护区（MPA）内的河口生态系统中，随着时间的推移进行生物监测以监测异生物对生物指标物种（如鲶鱼 Cathorops spixii）的影响非常重要。本研究旨在评估来自 MPA（巴西海岸的 Cananéia-Iguape 地区）的 C. spixii 的毒理遗传信号。这些遗传毒性信号通过存在微核（MN）和红细胞异常（AE）来证明。本研究还考虑了随时间推移（2009 年、2014 年、2017 年和 2018 年）水的特性（温度、盐度、pH、DO、溶解养分和颗粒物质）所发出的环境差异信号。结果表明，在河口的北部地区，特别是在 2009 年，水的特性表明以最低的盐度和 pH 值和最高的养分水平受到河流的影响。河口的南部地区发现了最高水平的悬浮颗粒物质和叶绿素-a，主要是在 2017 年和 2018 年。一般来说，北部地区的 C. spixii 的健康状况要好于更受保护（南部）地区的鲶鱼。MN 和 AE 的数据表明，遗传毒性损伤随着时间的推移而发生，并且在 2018 年采样的鱼类中主要表现出断裂/变构遗传效应。一种新的 AE 的存在，该 AE 首次记录在 2018 年采样的 C. spixii 中，并且在这里命名为双泡，这是遗传毒性作用的另一个指标。最后，尽管河口的南部地区具有更好的非生物特性和初级生产条件，但获得的 C. spixii 的毒理遗传数据强化了在该海洋保护区使用污染生物指标物种进行监测行动的必要性，并鼓励了该行动的实施。
