School of Nursing, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois.
School of Nursing, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois.
Public Health Nurs. 2022 Jan;39(1):180-188. doi: 10.1111/phn.12958. Epub 2021 Aug 12.
Physicalinactivity has been a public health problem worldwide for more than a decade. Of those who are physically active, a substantial percentage engage solely in low or very low physical activity (PA) levels. In the last 3 decades, the prevalence of PA in the United States has decreased with approximately 80% of adults not meeting the recommended guidelines for aerobic and muscle strengthening PA. The PA levels of youth have dramatically decreased with 85% of adolescents reporting no PA. Regular PA participation can aid in preventing chronic diseases. A strong inverse dose-response relationship exists between PA and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Moreover, low cardiorespiratory fitness levels are a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: the leading cause of death and disability globally. Conversely, high amounts of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA at levels 3-5 times recommended in guidelines reduce risk for all cause mortality. Socio-ecological determinants of PA are essential considerations for promoting across the life course. In health care and community settings, public health nurses have opportunities to promote PA through a socio-ecological approach across the life course of individuals and diverse populations.
十多年来，缺乏身体活动一直是全球公共卫生问题。在那些积极参加身体活动的人中，相当一部分人仅从事低水平或极低水平的身体活动。在过去的 30 年中，美国的身体活动普及率下降，约有 80%的成年人不符合有氧运动和肌肉强化身体活动的推荐指南。年轻人的身体活动水平大幅下降，85%的青少年没有任何身体活动。定期参加身体活动有助于预防慢性疾病。身体活动与心血管疾病、全因和心血管死亡率的发病率之间存在着强烈的负剂量反应关系。此外，低心肺适应水平是心血管疾病的一个危险因素：这是全球范围内导致死亡和残疾的主要原因。相反，高水平的中等至高强度身体活动（达到指南推荐水平的 3-5 倍）可降低全因死亡率的风险。身体活动的社会生态决定因素是促进整个生命过程的重要考虑因素。在医疗保健和社区环境中，公共卫生护士有机会通过社会生态方法在个人和不同人群的整个生命过程中促进身体活动。
