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食肉动物体型演化的生态驱动因素。

Ecological Drivers of Carnivoran Body Shape Evolution.

出版信息

Am Nat. 2021 Sep;198(3):406-420. doi: 10.1086/715588. Epub 2021 Jun 29.

Abstract

AbstractMorphological diversity is often attributed as adaptations to distinct ecologies. Although biologists have long hypothesized that distinct ecologies drive the evolution of body shape, these relationships are rarely tested across macroevolutionary scales in mammals. Here, I tested hypotheses that locomotor, hunting, and dietary ecologies influenced body shape evolution in carnivorans, a morphologically and ecologically diverse clade of mammals. I found that adaptive models with ecological trait regimes were poor predictors of carnivoran body shape and the underlying morphological components that contribute to body shape variation. Instead, the best-supported model exhibited clade-based evolutionary shifts, indicating that the complexity and variation of body shape landscape cannot be effectively captured by a priori ecological regimes. However, ecological adaptations of body shapes cannot be ruled out, as aquatic and terrestrial carnivorans exhibited opposite allometric patterns of body shape that may be driven by different gravitational constraints associated with these different environments. Similar to body size, body shape is a prominent feature of vertebrate morphology that may transcend one-to-one mapping relationships between morphology and ecological traits, enabling species with distinct body shapes to exploit similar resources and exhibit similar ecologies. Together, these results demonstrate that the multidimensionality of both body shape morphology and ecology makes it difficult to disentangle the complex relationship among morphological evolution, ecological diversity, and phylogeny across macroevolutionary scales.

摘要

摘要形态多样性通常被归因于对不同生态环境的适应。尽管生物学家长期以来假设不同的生态环境推动了身体形状的进化,但这些关系在哺乳动物的宏观进化尺度上很少得到检验。在这里,我测试了关于运动、狩猎和饮食生态环境影响食肉动物身体形状进化的假说,食肉动物是哺乳动物中形态和生态多样化的一个分支。我发现,具有生态特征的适应性模型是食肉动物身体形状和导致身体形状变化的潜在形态成分的较差预测因子。相反,支持最好的模型表现出基于进化枝的进化转变,这表明身体形状景观的复杂性和变化不能通过先验的生态环境制度有效地捕捉。然而,不能排除身体形状的生态适应,因为水生和陆生食肉动物表现出相反的身体形状的异速生长模式,这可能是由与这些不同环境相关的不同重力限制驱动的。与身体大小相似,身体形状是脊椎动物形态的一个突出特征,它可能超越形态和生态特征之间的一对一映射关系,使具有不同身体形状的物种能够利用相似的资源并表现出相似的生态。总的来说,这些结果表明,身体形状形态和生态的多维性使得很难在宏观进化尺度上厘清形态进化、生态多样性和系统发育之间的复杂关系。

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