使用遵循规则任务识别自闭症谱系障碍中的组块转换困难。
Identifying set-switching difficulties in autism spectrum disorder using a rule following task.
作者信息
Sawaya Helen, McGonigle-Chalmers Maggie, Kusel Iain
机构信息
Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
出版信息
Int J Dev Disabil. 2019 Jul 28;67(4):245-255. doi: 10.1080/20473869.2019.1580473. eCollection 2021.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study is to distinguish between perceptuomotor and cognitive inflexibility as the source of set-switching difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
METHODS
Seventeen adolescents with ASD and 17 neurotypical controls were presented with a computerized sequencing game using colored shapes. The sequence required a shift in perceptuomotor responding that could also be represented at a conceptual level. Measures of perceptuomotor inflexibility were based on errors and response times specifically on the critical switch item in the sequence. The task included three transfer phases in which the same rule was to be applied to new shapes and colors. Higher-order rule conceptualization was operationalized as the ability to abstract the switching rule and apply it across these phases.
RESULTS
Participants with ASD showed predicted difficulties on the perceptuomotor shift, but no deficit on the transfer phases.
CONCLUSIONS
The study indicates a problem with perceptuomotor inflexibility in ASD that can explain why 'extra-dimensional' shifting is sometimes reported as problematic in this group. Implications for difficulties in more real-world contexts are discussed.
目的
本研究旨在区分感知运动灵活性和认知灵活性，以此作为自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童转换任务困难的根源。
方法
让17名患有ASD的青少年和17名神经典型对照组参与一个使用彩色形状的计算机化序列游戏。该序列要求在感知运动反应上进行转换，这种转换在概念层面也可以体现出来。感知运动灵活性的测量基于错误和反应时间，特别是序列中关键转换项的错误和反应时间。该任务包括三个转换阶段，在这些阶段中，相同的规则要应用于新的形状和颜色。高阶规则概念化被定义为抽象出转换规则并将其应用于这些阶段的能力。
结果
患有ASD的参与者在感知运动转换方面表现出预期的困难，但在转换阶段没有缺陷。
结论
该研究表明ASD患者存在感知运动灵活性问题，这可以解释为什么有时会报告该群体在“维度外”转换方面存在问题。文中还讨论了在更现实环境中出现困难的影响。
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