Raju Gunasunderi, Khalid Mohammad, Shaban Mahmoud M, Azahari Baharin
School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Aug 20;13(16):2796. doi: 10.3390/polym13162796.
This study investigates the impact of spent coffee biochar (Biochar) compared to carbon black (CB) as a partial replacement for carbon black in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). Particle size and elemental analysis were used to characterize the biochar and CB. Cure characteristics, tensile, thermal, and morphological properties on the effect of biochar and CB as filler were studied. It was found that incorporating 10 phr of spent coffee biochar could improve the composites' tensile properties and thermal performance compared to carbon black. However, the addition of biochar significantly affects the maximum torque compared to CB and delays the vulcanization time. SEM study shows that biochar has a strong effect on the morphology of composite films. The FTIR graph reveals no substantial difference between compounds with biochar and CB. According to the thermal calorimetric study, the thermal stability of ENR-Biochar is higher than that of ENR-CB. Additionally, these findings suggest that the utilization of spent coffee as a sustainable biochar could be further explored, but little has been done in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR).
本研究调查了用过的咖啡生物炭（生物炭）与炭黑（CB）相比，作为环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）中炭黑的部分替代品的影响。使用粒度和元素分析来表征生物炭和CB。研究了生物炭和CB作为填料对硫化特性、拉伸、热和形态性能的影响。结果发现，与炭黑相比，加入10份用过的咖啡生物炭可以改善复合材料的拉伸性能和热性能。然而，与CB相比，生物炭的添加显著影响最大扭矩并延迟硫化时间。扫描电子显微镜研究表明，生物炭对复合膜的形态有强烈影响。傅里叶变换红外光谱图显示，含有生物炭和CB的化合物之间没有实质性差异。根据热分析研究，ENR-生物炭的热稳定性高于ENR-CB。此外，这些发现表明，可以进一步探索将用过的咖啡用作可持续生物炭的用途，但在环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）方面做得很少。
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