School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
J Clin Nurs. 2022 May;31(9-10):1113-1124. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16024. Epub 2021 Aug 29.
To investigate the association between pregnancy intention and smoking or alcohol consumption in preconception and pregnancy periods.
Suboptimal lifestyle such as smoking and alcohol consumption can lead to devastating outcomes on the maternal and foetus. Pregnancy intention exerts a significant effect on promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours. However, no reliable evidences confirmed pregnancy intention was associated with smoking and alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
We performed a comprehensive search from databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, ProQuest and Scopus from the inception of these databases up to November, 2020. All eligible studies exploring the association between pregnancy intention and smoking or alcohol consumption were included. The fixed- or random effect pooled measure was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI. In addition, the PRISMA checklist was used in this meta-analysis.
A total of 23 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. During pregnancy, the findings suggested that women with unplanned pregnancy were 68% more likely to consume cigarettes (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.44-1.95) and 44% more likely to consume alcohol (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.15-1.81) than those women with planned pregnancy. Meanwhile, during preconception, women with unplanned pregnancy were 30% more likely to consume cigarettes (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.10-1.53) and 20% more likely to consume alcohol (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01-1.42) than those women with planned pregnancy.
The findings suggested that women with unplanned pregnancy were more likely to follow unhealthy behaviours such as smoking and alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy. Health professionals should consider the women's desire for pregnancy to decrease preconception and pregnancy smoking or alcohol consumption in future studies.
Pregnancy intention is the key determinant of smoking and alcohol consumption during preconception and pregnancy periods. Offering effective contraception in primary healthcare setting could prevent unplanned pregnancy. Meanwhile, popularising minimal alcohol consumption and comprehensive smoke-free legislation would be beneficial to improve reproductive outcomes.
探讨孕前和孕期的妊娠意愿与吸烟或饮酒之间的关系。
不良的生活方式，如吸烟和饮酒，可能对母婴造成灾难性的后果。妊娠意愿对促进健康的生活方式行为有显著影响。然而，目前尚无可靠证据证实妊娠意愿与孕前和孕期的吸烟和饮酒有关。
系统综述和荟萃分析。
我们从包括 PubMed、Cochrane、Web of Science、IEEE Xplore、MEDLINE、ProQuest 和 Scopus 在内的数据库中进行了全面检索，检索时间从这些数据库建立之初到 2020 年 11 月。纳入了所有探讨妊娠意愿与吸烟或饮酒之间关系的研究。采用固定或随机效应汇总测量来估计比值比（OR）或风险比（RR）和 95%置信区间。此外，本荟萃分析采用了 PRISMA 清单。
共有 23 项研究纳入了本系统综述和荟萃分析。在孕期，研究结果表明，与计划妊娠的女性相比，意外妊娠的女性吸烟的可能性高 68%（OR=1.68，95%CI=1.44-1.95），饮酒的可能性高 44%（OR=1.44，95%CI=1.15-1.81）。同时，在孕前，意外妊娠的女性吸烟的可能性高 30%（OR=1.30，95%CI=1.10-1.53），饮酒的可能性高 20%（OR=1.20，95%CI=1.01-1.42）。
研究结果表明，意外妊娠的女性在孕前和孕期更有可能吸烟和饮酒等不良行为。未来的研究中，健康专业人员应考虑到女性对妊娠的渴望，以减少孕前和孕期的吸烟或饮酒行为。
妊娠意愿是孕前和孕期吸烟和饮酒的关键决定因素。在初级保健环境中提供有效的避孕措施可以预防意外妊娠。同时，推广最低限度饮酒和全面无烟立法将有利于改善生殖结局。
