Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Feb 5;423(Pt A):126995. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126995. Epub 2021 Aug 21.
The high investment cost required by modern treatment technologies of hazardous sewage sludge such as incineration and anaerobic digestion have discouraged their application by many developing countries. Hence, this review elucidates the status, performances and limitations of two low-cost methods for biological treatment of hazardous sewage sludge, employing vermicomposting and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). Their performances in terms of carbon recovery, nitrogen recovery, mass reduction, pathogen destruction and heavy metal stabilization were assessed alongside with the mature anaerobic digestion method. It was revealed that vermicomposting and BSFL were on par with anaerobic digestion for carbon recovery, nitrogen recovery and mass reduction. Thermophilic anaerobic digestion was found superior in pathogen destruction because of its high operational temperature. Anaerobic digestion also had proven its ability to stabilize heavy metals, but no conclusive finding could confirm similar application from vermicomposting or BSFL treatment. However, the addition of co-substrates or biochar during vermicomposting or BSFL treatment may show synergistic effects in stabilizing heavy metals as demonstrated by anaerobic digestion. Moreover, vermicomposting and BSFL valorization had manifested their potentialities as the low-cost alternatives for treating hazardous sewage sludge, whilst producing value-added feedstock for biochemical industries.
现代危险污水污泥处理技术（如焚烧和厌氧消化）需要高投资成本，这使得许多发展中国家望而却步。因此，本文阐述了利用蚯蚓堆肥和黑水虻幼虫（BSFL）进行生物处理危险污水污泥的两种低成本方法的现状、性能和局限性。评估了它们在碳回收、氮回收、质量减少、病原体破坏和重金属稳定化方面的性能，并与成熟的厌氧消化方法进行了比较。结果表明，蚯蚓堆肥和 BSFL 在碳回收、氮回收和质量减少方面与厌氧消化相当。由于高温操作，高温厌氧消化在病原体破坏方面表现出色。厌氧消化也已证明其能够稳定重金属，但蚯蚓堆肥或 BSFL 处理方面没有确凿的发现可以证实类似的应用。然而，在蚯蚓堆肥或 BSFL 处理过程中添加共底物或生物炭可能会表现出协同稳定重金属的效果，正如厌氧消化所证明的那样。此外，蚯蚓堆肥和 BSFL 的增值利用已经显示出它们作为处理危险污水污泥的低成本替代方法的潜力，同时为生化工业生产有价值的饲料原料。
