School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan 10;803:149887. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149887. Epub 2021 Aug 25.
Microplastics (MPs) in marine environments have raised increasing concerns worldwide in recent years. China is one of the largest plastic producers in the world. In this review, available information on MPs in China Sea was reviewed, including studies on seawater, sediment, and biota. The status and limits of sampling methods of MPs were summarized, such as sampling tools, sampling volume, and depth of sampling. The analytical methods of MPs were outlined, such as sieving, density separation, purification, filtration, and visual sorting. The characteristics of MPs, such as abundances, sizes, shapes, polymer types, sources, and fates were analyzed. The abundances of MPs in China Sea varied from 0.1 to 27,840.0 items m in seawater, and from 13.0 to 14,712.0 items kg d.w. in sediments. Furthermore, MPs were mainly featured with sizes ranging from 0.001 to 0.5 mm, with colors of transparent and black, and polymer types of polypropylene and polyethylene. To promote research on MPs in China Sea, the sampling and analytical methods were insufficiently standardized and should be improved. As for microplastic (MP) pollution in China Sea, laws and regulations have already been established to manage and control plastic waste. Furthermore, several suggestions to control plastic pollution were as follows: (1) control marine plastic pollution at the source; (2) strengthen technological innovations; (3) urge people to minimize disposable plastic products in their daily lives; (4) strengthen international cooperation in the treatment of marine plastic waste.
近年来，海洋环境中的微塑料（MPs）引起了全世界越来越多的关注。中国是世界上最大的塑料生产国之一。在本综述中，回顾了中国海域 MPs 的现有信息，包括海水、沉积物和生物群的研究。总结了 MPs 的采样方法的现状和局限性，如采样工具、采样量和采样深度。概述了 MPs 的分析方法，如筛分、密度分离、净化、过滤和目视分选。分析了 MPs 的特征，如丰度、大小、形状、聚合物类型、来源和命运。中国海域海水中 MPs 的丰度从 0.1 到 27,840.0 个/立方米不等，沉积物中从 13.0 到 14,712.0 个/千克干重不等。此外，MPs 主要以 0.001 到 0.5 毫米的大小、透明和黑色的颜色、聚丙烯和聚乙烯的聚合物类型为特征。为了促进中国海域 MPs 的研究，采样和分析方法不够标准化，应加以改进。至于中国海域的微塑料（MP）污染，已经制定了法律法规来管理和控制塑料废物。此外，还提出了以下几点控制塑料污染的建议：（1）控制海洋塑料污染的源头；（2）加强技术创新；（3）敦促人们在日常生活中尽量减少一次性塑料制品的使用；（4）加强处理海洋塑料废物的国际合作。
