Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland.
Institute of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 31;18(17):9188. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179188.
We aimed to review occupational burnout predictors, considering their type, effect size and role (protective versus harmful), and the overall evidence of their importance. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase were searched from January 1990 to August 2018 for longitudinal studies examining any predictor of occupational burnout among workers. We arranged predictors in four families and 13 subfamilies of homogenous constructs. The plots of z-scores per predictor type enabled graphical discrimination of the effects. The vote-counting and binomial test enabled discrimination of the effect direction. The size of the effect was estimated using Cohen's formula. The risk of bias and the overall evidence were assessed using the MEVORECH and GRADE methods, respectively. Eighty-five studies examining 261 predictors were included. We found a moderate quality of evidence for the harmful effects of the job demands subfamily (six predictors), and negative job attitudes, with effect sizes from small to medium. We also found a moderate quality of evidence for the protective effect of adaptive coping (small effect sizes) and leisure (small to medium effect sizes). Preventive interventions for occupational burnout might benefit from intervening on the established predictors regarding reducing job demands and negative job attitudes and promoting adaptive coping and leisure.
我们旨在回顾职业倦怠的预测因素，考虑其类型、效应大小和作用（保护或有害），以及它们重要性的总体证据。从 1990 年 1 月到 2018 年 8 月，我们在 MEDLINE、PsycINFO 和 Embase 中搜索了考察工作人群职业倦怠任何预测因素的纵向研究。我们将预测因素安排在四个家族和 13 个同质结构的亚家族中。每个预测因素类型的 z 分数图使我们能够直观地区分效果。投票计数和二项式检验使我们能够区分效果的方向。使用 Cohen 公式估计效应大小。使用 MEVORECH 和 GRADE 方法分别评估偏倚风险和总体证据。共有 85 项研究考察了 261 个预测因素。我们发现职业需求亚家族（六个预测因素）以及消极的工作态度具有中等质量的证据表明其具有有害影响，其效应大小从小到大不等。我们还发现适应性应对（小到中等效应大小）和休闲（小到中等效应大小）具有保护作用的中等质量证据。职业倦怠的预防干预可能受益于针对减少工作需求和消极工作态度以及促进适应性应对和休闲的既定预测因素进行干预。
