Hazarika Neirita, Gupta Puneet K, Dhanta Aditi, Singh Arpana, Mohanty Aroop, Gupta Pratima
Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND.
Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, IND.
Cureus. 2021 Aug 28;13(8):e17514. doi: 10.7759/cureus.17514. eCollection 2021 Aug.
Introduction Hansen's disease is a chronic infectious disease caused by . India declared the elimination of leprosy in December 2005, but a slow resurgence of the disease still continues in several parts of India. The diagnosis of leprosy is primarily clinical but slit-skin smear microscopy aids in an accurate diagnosis. There are very few studies on clinico-bacteriological patterns of leprosy at this post-elimination phase. Aim This study aimed to analyze the clinical and bacteriological findings of newly diagnosed cases of Hansen's disease in the post-elimination era. Materials and methods This is a descriptive, hospital-based, retrospective study of newly diagnosed cases of Hansen's disease, enrolled in the Hansen's disease clinic attached to the dermatology outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in North India. A retrospective chart review of newly diagnosed cases of leprosy for a period of one year was done. Information about demographics, clinical characteristics, spectrum of disease, and slit skin smear data of patients were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 16.0 (Chicago, IL, SPSS Inc.). Result A total of 116 patients were included of which 68.1% (79) were males. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 72 years and children (<15 years) constituted 6% (7/116) of all cases. The most common clinical spectrum was borderline lepromatous leprosy 37.9% (44/116) followed by lepromatous leprosy 32.8% (38/116). Out of 116 cases, 39.6% of cases showed slit-skin smear positivity. Conclusion The study brings forth evidence on the slow re-emergence of leprosy in India. In this study, multibacillary cases outnumber the paucibacillary cases; also, childhood cases were encountered indicating active community spread of the disease in the "post-elimination era." There is an urgent need to step up the surveillance for Hansen's disease to curb the further spread of the bacilli in the community.
引言
麻风病是一种由……引起的慢性传染病。印度于2005年12月宣布消除麻风病，但在印度的几个地区，该疾病仍在缓慢复苏。麻风病的诊断主要依靠临床症状，但皮肤涂片显微镜检查有助于准确诊断。在消除麻风病后的这个阶段，关于麻风病临床细菌学模式的研究非常少。
目的
本研究旨在分析消除麻风病时代新诊断的麻风病病例的临床和细菌学发现。
材料与方法
这是一项基于医院的描述性回顾性研究，研究对象为印度北部一家三级护理医院皮肤科门诊附属麻风病诊所新诊断的麻风病病例。对新诊断的麻风病病例进行了为期一年的回顾性病历审查。收集了患者的人口统计学信息、临床特征、疾病谱和皮肤涂片数据。使用SPSS 16.0版（伊利诺伊州芝加哥，SPSS公司）进行统计分析。
结果
共纳入116例患者，其中68.1%（79例）为男性。患者年龄在7至72岁之间，儿童（<15岁）占所有病例的6%（7/116）。最常见的临床类型是界线类偏瘤型麻风，占37.9%（44/116），其次是瘤型麻风，占32.8%（38/116）。在116例病例中，39.6%的病例皮肤涂片呈阳性。
结论
该研究提供了印度麻风病缓慢重新出现的证据。在本研究中，多菌型病例多于少菌型病例；此外，还发现了儿童病例，表明在“消除麻风病后时代”该疾病在社区中存在活跃传播。迫切需要加强对麻风病的监测，以遏制杆菌在社区中的进一步传播。
