Noli C, Boothe D
Studio Dermatologico Veterinario, Via Sismondi 62, 20133, Milano, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA.
Vet Dermatol. 1999 Sep;10(3):217-223. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3164.1999.00176.x.
Macrolides and lincosamides are first choice bacteriostatic antibiotics used in veterinary dermatology. The main antibiotics in these classes are erythromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin and tylosin. They are well absorbed if given orally and are able to penetrate well into infected skin. Their spectrum of action comprises bacteria commonly associated with skin infections, including staphylococci. Their main disadvantages are the rapid development of bacterial resistance and occasional gastroenteric upset, most often seen with erythromycin. More recently developed macrolides, such as azithromycin and clarithomycin, are bactericidal, have a larger spectrum of action, a longer endurance, less resistance and may be given once a day instead of two or three times daily.
大环内酯类和林可酰胺类是兽医皮肤病学中使用的首选抑菌抗生素。这些类别中的主要抗生素有红霉素、林可霉素、克林霉素和泰乐菌素。口服时它们吸收良好,并且能够很好地渗透到感染的皮肤中。它们的作用谱包括通常与皮肤感染相关的细菌,包括葡萄球菌。它们的主要缺点是细菌耐药性迅速发展,以及偶尔出现胃肠不适,这在红霉素中最为常见。最近开发的大环内酯类药物,如阿奇霉素和克拉霉素,具有杀菌作用,作用谱更广,耐受性更强,耐药性更低,并且可以每天给药一次,而不是每天两到三次。