Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Ambientais, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Instituto Homem Pantaneiro, Ladeira José Bonifácio, Centro, Corumbá, MS 79300-010, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 10;807(Pt 3):150998. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150998. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
The Cerrado biome covers approximately 20% of Brazil and it is crucial for the Water, Food, Energy, and Ecosystems (WFEE) nexus. Thus, in recent years, large areas of the undisturbed Cerrado have been converted into farmland. In this biome, according to the Brazilian Forest Code, farmers need to keep 20% of native vegetation (Legal Reserves - LRs). By exploring combined and isolated impacts of different scenarios of LR and Protected area (PA) arrangements, this study evaluated the importance of complementarity between LR compliance and the amount of PAs (including Conservation Units - CUs and Indigenous Lands - ILs) to reduce deforestation and conserve native vegetation in the Cerrado. Seven scenarios were investigated: a scenario that considers the current PA and the LR values foreseen in the Native Vegetation Protection Law - NVPL; three scenarios focused on production; and three focused on conservation. Considering the trend of the current scenario, the estimated loss of native vegetation will be 30% (30.6 million ha) by 2070. According to the model simulations, for two periods (2050 and 2070), the LR Elimination scenario (LRE) would cause a greater loss of native vegetation than the PA Elimination (PAE), and as expected, the exclusion of both (PALRE) would provide a greater loss of native vegetation. Native vegetation is concentrated mainly on agricultural properties. Taking our conservation-oriented scenarios as an example of conservation strategies, if there were no financial, practical, political, social or personal constraints, there is no doubt that the CPALRI scenario (Creation of Protected Areas and Legal Reserve Increase) is the best trajectory for conserving biodiversity. Therefore, private properties, through LRs, are essential for efficient planning of land use/cover as they ensure security in the WFEE nexus. The resulting projected scenarios are important to help decision makers in territorial planning and how to arbitrate territorial demands aiming at the rational use of the natural resources of the Cerrado.
塞拉多生物群落覆盖了巴西约 20%的面积，对水、粮食、能源和生态系统（WFEE）的联系至关重要。因此，近年来，大量未受干扰的塞拉多地区已被开垦为农田。在该生物群落中，根据巴西森林法，农民需要保留 20%的本地植被（法定保留区-LRs）。本研究通过探索不同 LR 和保护区（PA）安排情景的综合和孤立影响，评估了 LR 合规性与 PA 数量（包括保护单位-CUs 和原住民土地-ILs）之间互补性对减少塞拉多森林砍伐和保护本地植被的重要性。研究调查了七种情景：一种情景考虑了当前的 PA 和《保护本地植被法》（NVPL）中规定的 LR 值；三种情景侧重于生产；三种情景侧重于保护。考虑到当前情景的趋势，预计到 2070 年，本地植被的损失将达到 30%（3060 万公顷）。根据模型模拟，在两个时期（2050 年和 2070 年），LR 消除情景（LRE）造成的本地植被损失将大于 PA 消除情景（PAE），正如预期的那样，同时排除两者（PALRE）将造成更大的本地植被损失。本地植被主要集中在农业财产上。以我们以保护为导向的情景为例，作为保护策略，如果没有财务、实际、政治、社会或个人限制，毫无疑问，CPALRI 情景（创建保护区和增加法定保留区）是保护生物多样性的最佳轨迹。因此，私人财产通过 LR 对于高效的土地利用/覆盖规划至关重要，因为它们确保了 WFEE 联系中的安全。生成的预测情景对于帮助决策者进行领土规划以及如何仲裁领土需求以实现塞拉多自然资源的合理利用非常重要。
