Tulane University & Ochsner Clinic Neurosurgery Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
World Neurosurg. 2022 Feb;158:e148-e153. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.10.147. Epub 2021 Oct 27.
Sciatic nerve injuries are relatively infrequent but extremely disabling for the patient. As injury to this nerve is relatively infrequent, there is little about its repair in the literature, especially within the pelvis.
Twelve adult embalmed cadavers (24 sides) underwent exposure of the anteromedial thigh, inguinal region, and pelvic cavity. The sartorius muscle was identified in the anterior thigh, and its nerve branches from the femoral nerve were isolated and traced proximally to the femoral nerve trunk. The isolated sartorius nerve branches were further traced to the pelvic part of the femoral nerve. Next, the lumbosacral plexus was dissected on the posterior aspect of the pelvis so that its constituent parts were seen and followed distally to also visualize the most proximal part of the sciatic nerve. The previously dissected nerve branches to sartorius were then transposed to these constituent parts, and the ability for a tension-free anastomosis between these 2 nerves was evaluated.
The branches ranged in diameter from 1.89 to 3.1 mm (2.88 mm). The average length of the nerves was 17.3 cm. Transposition of these branches to all ventral rami of the lumbosacral plexus in the pelvis and proximal sciatic (intrapelvic) nerve was possible on all cadaveric sides.
Our cadaveric study found that nerve branches to the sartorius muscle can be transposed intrapelvically to the lumbosacral plexus and could provide tension-free anastomoses for neurotization procedures in patients with nerve injury.
坐骨神经损伤相对较少见,但对患者来说极其致残。由于这种神经损伤相对较少见,文献中关于其修复的内容很少,尤其是在骨盆内。
12 具成人防腐尸体(24 侧)进行了股前内侧、腹股沟区和盆腔的暴露。在股前区识别缝匠肌,并分离其发自股神经的神经分支,向近端追踪至股神经干。进一步追踪分离的缝匠肌神经分支至股神经盆腔部分。接下来,在骨盆后侧面解剖腰丛,以便观察其组成部分并向远端追踪,以显示坐骨神经的最近端部分。然后将先前解剖的缝匠肌神经分支转移到这些组成部分,并评估这 2 根神经之间是否能进行无张力吻合。
分支的直径范围为 1.89 至 3.1 毫米(2.88 毫米)。神经的平均长度为 17.3 厘米。在所有尸体侧,这些分支都可以转移到骨盆内腰丛的所有腹侧支和坐骨神经(盆腔内)近端。
我们的尸体研究发现,缝匠肌的神经分支可以在盆腔内转移到腰丛,并为神经损伤患者的神经再支配手术提供无张力吻合。