Department of Psychological Science.
Department of Peace and Conflict Research.
Emotion. 2022 Dec;22(8):1699-1712. doi: 10.1037/emo0000803. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
Exposure to war-related violence is associated with greater prosocial behavior. Although researchers point to empathy and individual differences in posttraumatic growth to explain this relationship, there is no direct empirical evidence of the psychological process by which exposure to wartime violence leads to prosociality. In this investigation, we propose and test a comprehensive model of empathy-mediated altruism that addresses both how and when exposure to violence may be associated with prosociality. Results from a large-scale survey experiment conducted in a naturalistic field setting (1,660 refugees from the wars in Syria and Iraq residing in Turkey) indicate that participants reported greater empathy and altruism toward ingroup versus outgroup targets, and that posttraumatic stress predicted less and posttraumatic growth predicted more empathy and altruism. Further, empathy mediated ingroup biases in altruism (i.e., allocation of resources to the self and others); this indirect effect was stronger for those reporting greater posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress. These results support our proposed model of empathy-mediated altruism that incorporates individual differences in response to war violence and ingroup preferences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
接触与战争相关的暴力与更多的亲社会行为有关。尽管研究人员指出同理心和创伤后成长中的个体差异可以解释这种关系，但没有直接的实证证据表明接触战时暴力如何导致亲社会行为。在这项研究中，我们提出并测试了一个同理心介导利他主义的综合模型，该模型既解决了接触暴力与亲社会行为之间的关系，也解决了何时会产生这种关系。在一个自然主义的实地环境中（居住在土耳其的 1660 名来自叙利亚和伊拉克战争的难民）进行的大规模调查实验的结果表明，参与者报告说对同组目标比对外组目标更有同理心和利他主义，而创伤后应激反应预测同理心和利他主义较少，创伤后成长预测同理心和利他主义较多。此外，同理心介导了利他主义中的内群体偏见（即，将资源分配给自我和他人）；对于那些报告创伤后成长和创伤后应激反应较大的人来说，这种间接影响更强。这些结果支持了我们提出的同理心介导利他主义模型，该模型纳入了对战争暴力的个体差异和对内群体偏好的反应。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
