Gregorin Renato, Cirranello Andrea
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP: 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
Cladistics. 2016 Feb;32(1):2-35. doi: 10.1111/cla.12117. Epub 2015 Apr 1.
Molossidae is a large (roughly 100 species) pantropically distributed clade of swift aerially insectivorous bats for which the phylogeny remains relatively unknown and little studied compared with other speciose groups of bats. We investigated phylogenetic relationships among 62 species, representing all extant molossid genera and most of the subgenera, using 102 morphological characters from the skull, dentition, postcrania, external morphology, tongue, and penis, based on direct observation and literature reports. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses were used in phylogenetic reconstruction. Our analysis supports two main clades of molossids, both of which mingle Old World and New World taxa. One clade is comprised of Mormopterus,Platymops, Sauromys, Neoplatymops, Molossops, Cynomops, Cheiromeles, Molossus, and Promops. The other clade includes Tadarida, Otomops, Nyctinomops, Eumops, Chaerephon, and Mops. The position of Myopterus with respect to these two groups is unclear. As in other recent analyses, we find that several genera do not appear to be monophyletic (e.g. Tadarida, Chaerephon, and Molossops sensu lato). We recommend that the subgenera of Molossops sensu lato and Austronomus be recognized at the generic level. We conclude that much more data are needed to investigate lower level problems (generic monophyly and relationships within genera) and to resolve the higher-level branching pattern of the family.
犬吻蝠科是一个种类繁多（约100种）的蝙蝠类群，广泛分布于泛热带地区，以空中捕食昆虫为生。与其他种类繁多的蝙蝠类群相比，其系统发育仍然相对不为人知，研究也很少。我们基于直接观察和文献报道，利用来自头骨、牙齿、后颅骨、外部形态、舌头和阴茎的102个形态特征，研究了代表所有现存犬吻蝠属和大多数亚属的62个物种之间的系统发育关系。简约分析和贝叶斯分析都用于系统发育重建。我们的分析支持犬吻蝠科的两个主要分支，这两个分支都混合了东半球和西半球的类群。一个分支由短吻蝠属、扁蝠属、非洲犬吻蝠属、新扁蝠属、南美犬吻蝠属、犬吻蝠属、皱唇犬吻蝠属、犬吻蝠属和大耳犬吻蝠属组成。另一个分支包括墨西哥犬吻蝠属、缨唇蝠属、美洲犬吻蝠属、美洲犬吻蝠属、蓬毛犬吻蝠属和侏犬吻蝠属。粗面蝠属相对于这两个类群的位置尚不清楚。与其他近期分析一样，我们发现几个属似乎不是单系的（例如墨西哥犬吻蝠属、蓬毛犬吻蝠属和广义的南美犬吻蝠属）。我们建议将广义的南美犬吻蝠属和南方犬吻蝠属的亚属提升为属级。我们得出结论，需要更多的数据来研究较低层次的问题（属的单系性和属内关系），并解决该科更高层次的分支模式。
