Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Curr Pharm Des. 2022;28(5):395-409. doi: 10.2174/1381612827666211104155604.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of death in millions of cancer patients. Lack of diagnosis at an early stage in addition to no specific guidelines for its treatment, and a higher rate of treatment- related toxicity further deteriorate the conditions. Current therapies encompass surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy according to the pattern and the stage of lung cancer. Among all, with a longlasting therapeutic action, reduced side-effects, and a higher rate of survival, therapeutic cancer vaccine is a new, improved strategy for treating NSCLC. Immunoadjuvants are usually incorporated into the therapeutic vaccines to shield the antigen against environmental and physiological harsh conditions in addition to boosting the immune potential. Conventional immunoadjuvants are often associated with an inadequate cellular response, poor target specificity, and low antigen load. Recently, inhalable polymeric nano/micro immunoadjuvants have exhibited immense potential in the development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of NSCLC with improved mucosal immunization. The development of polymeric micro/nano immunoadjuvants brought a new era for vaccines with increased strength and efficiency. Therefore, in the present review, we explained the potential application of micro/nano immunoadjuvants for augmenting the stability and efficacy of inhalable vaccines in the treatment of NSCLC. In addition, the role of biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic polymers has also been discussed with case studies.
非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）是导致数百万癌症患者死亡的主要原因。由于早期诊断不足，加上缺乏针对其的特定治疗指南，以及更高的治疗相关毒性，病情进一步恶化。目前的治疗方法包括手术、化疗、放疗和免疫疗法，具体取决于肺癌的类型和分期。在所有治疗方法中，治疗癌症疫苗具有持久的治疗作用、较少的副作用和更高的存活率，是治疗 NSCLC 的一种新的、改进的策略。免疫佐剂通常被加入到治疗性疫苗中，以保护抗原免受环境和生理苛刻条件的影响，并增强免疫潜力。传统的免疫佐剂通常与细胞反应不足、靶向特异性差和抗原负荷低有关。最近，可吸入聚合物纳米/微免疫佐剂在治疗 NSCLC 的治疗性疫苗的开发方面表现出了巨大的潜力，可改善黏膜免疫。聚合物微/纳米免疫佐剂的开发为疫苗的发展带来了一个新时代，提高了疫苗的强度和效率。因此，在本综述中，我们解释了微/纳米免疫佐剂在增强可吸入疫苗的稳定性和疗效以治疗 NSCLC 方面的潜在应用。此外，还讨论了可生物降解、生物相容和无毒聚合物的作用，并结合案例研究进行了说明。
