Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Jan 15;293:118481. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118481. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to rise towards the end of the 21st century altering the life history traits in marine organisms. Upwelling systems will not escape OA, but unlike other areas of the ocean, cooling effects are expected to intensify in these systems. Regardless, studies evaluating the combined effects of OA and cooling remain scarce. We addressed this gap using a mesocosm system, where we exposed juveniles of the intertidal muricid snail Acanthina monodon to current and projected pCO (500 vs. 1500 ppm) and temperature (15 vs. 10 °C) from the southeast Pacific upwelling system. After 9 weeks of experimental exposure to those conditions, we conducted three estimations of growth (wet weight, shell length and shell peristomal length), in addition to measuring calcification, metabolic and feeding rates and the ability of these organisms to return to the normal upright position after being overturned (self-righting). Growth, feeding and calcification rates increased in projected cooling conditions (10 °C) but were unaffected by pCO or the interaction between pCO and temperature. Instead, metabolic rates were driven by pCO, but a significant interaction with temperature suggests that in cooler conditions, metabolic rates will increase when associated with high pCO levels. Snail self-righting times were not affected across treatments. These results suggest that colder temperatures projected for this area would drive this species growth, feeding and calcification, and consequently, some of its population biology and productivity. However, the snails may need to compensate for the increase in metabolic rates under the effects of ocean acidification. Although A. monodon ability to adjust to individual or combined stressors will likely account for some of the changes described here, our results point to a complex dynamic to take place in intertidal habitats associated with upwelling systems.
海洋酸化（OA）预计将在 21 世纪末上升，改变海洋生物的生活史特征。上升流系统无法逃脱 OA 的影响，但与海洋的其他区域不同，预计这些系统的冷却效应会加剧。尽管如此，评估 OA 和冷却综合影响的研究仍然很少。我们使用中观系统来解决这个差距，在这个系统中，我们将潮间带贻贝 Acanthina monodon 的幼体暴露在当前和预测的太平洋东南上升流系统的 pCO（500 与 1500 ppm）和温度（15 与 10°C）下。在经过 9 周的实验暴露于这些条件后，我们进行了三次生长（湿重、壳长和壳口周长度）的估计，此外还测量了钙化、代谢和摄食率，以及这些生物在被翻转后恢复到正常直立位置的能力（自正位）。在预测的冷却条件（10°C）下，生长、摄食和钙化率增加，但不受 pCO 或 pCO 与温度之间的相互作用影响。相反，代谢率受 pCO 驱动，但与温度的显著相互作用表明，在较冷的条件下，当与高 pCO 水平相关时，代谢率将增加。蜗牛自正位时间在处理过程中不受影响。这些结果表明，该地区预测的低温将推动该物种的生长、摄食和钙化，进而影响其部分种群生物学和生产力。然而，在海洋酸化的影响下，蜗牛可能需要补偿代谢率的增加。尽管 A. monodon 适应单个或综合胁迫的能力可能会导致这里描述的一些变化，但我们的结果表明，与上升流系统相关的潮间带栖息地将发生复杂的动态变化。
