Agarwal Krishna Mohan, Sharma Prairit, Bhatia Dinesh, Mishra Animesh
Mechanical Engineering Department, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India.
Sens Int. 2021;2:100092. doi: 10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100092. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
A new disease known as COVID-19 caused by the SARS CoV2 virus has engulfed the entire world and led to a global pandemic situation. Till December 9, 2020, the disease has infected 68 million people worldwide and more than 1.56 million people have been killed. The origin of the COVID-19 disease has been traced back to the bats, but the intermediary contact is unknown. The disease spreads by respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces. In most cases, the virus shows mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, dyspnea, cough, etc. which may become severe if appropriate precautions are not adhered to. For people with comorbidities (usually elderly) the disease may turn deadly and cause pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure, thereby affecting a person's ability to perform normal breathing which may put them on ventilator support. The virus causes Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that can lead to multi-organ failure in the most severe form. A patient suffering from ARDS must be put on a mechanical ventilator. These assistive devices help patients with respiratory disorders perform normal breathing. Presently nearly sixty thousand COVID-19 patients are in critical condition worldwide, fighting for survival requiring ventilator support. In India, the number stands close to eight thousand such individuals especially when the second wave of COVID-19 is expected to spread globally with initial signs arising from European and Middle East countries. With a large number of patients requiring ventilators, it puts a huge strain on the already weak health infrastructure of the developing countries. This is where some manufacturing and automobile companies have stepped in to help hospitals by developing ventilators at a faster rate and lower costs without comprising on the quality with the support of different government initiatives. This paper aims to study the basic requirements to be considered while designing the physical structure of an elementary level ICU ventilator for the hospital environment. The challenges related to research in electronic wiring of a mechanical ventilator, the overall structural design, and surrounding base could be appropriately done for different loads by simulating the conditions on tools like ANSYS software with accurate dimensions which could improve their future designs.
一种由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS CoV2）病毒引起的名为 COVID-19 的新疾病席卷了全球，导致了全球大流行的局面。截至2020年12月9日，该疾病已在全球感染了6800万人，超过156万人死亡。COVID-19疾病的起源已追溯到蝙蝠，但中间接触者尚不清楚。该疾病通过呼吸道飞沫和受污染的表面传播。在大多数情况下，病毒表现出轻微症状，如发烧、疲劳、呼吸困难、咳嗽等，如果不采取适当的预防措施，症状可能会加重。对于患有合并症（通常是老年人）的人来说，这种疾病可能会致命，并导致肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）和多器官衰竭，从而影响一个人的正常呼吸能力，可能需要使用呼吸机支持。该病毒会导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS），最严重的形式可能会导致多器官衰竭。患有ARDS的患者必须使用机械呼吸机。这些辅助设备帮助患有呼吸障碍的患者进行正常呼吸。目前，全球近6万名COVID-19患者病情危急，需要呼吸机支持以争取生存。在印度，这一数字接近8000人，尤其是在预计COVID-19第二波将在全球蔓延，且欧洲和中东国家已出现初步迹象的情况下。由于大量患者需要呼吸机，这给本就薄弱的发展中国家卫生基础设施带来了巨大压力。在不同政府举措的支持下，一些制造和汽车公司正是在这种情况下介入，以更快的速度和更低的成本开发呼吸机，同时不降低质量，从而帮助医院。本文旨在研究在为医院环境设计初级重症监护病房（ICU）呼吸机的物理结构时需要考虑的基本要求。通过在ANSYS软件等工具上模拟具有精确尺寸的条件，可以针对不同负载适当解决与机械呼吸机电子布线研究、整体结构设计和周围基座相关的挑战，这有助于改进其未来设计。
