Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America.
Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America.
PLoS Pathog. 2021 Nov 12;17(11):e1009952. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009952. eCollection 2021 Nov.
The breadth of animal hosts that are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may serve as reservoirs for continued viral transmission are not known entirely. In August 2020, an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred on five mink farms in Utah and was associated with high mink mortality (35-55% of adult mink) and rapid viral transmission between animals. The premise and clinical disease information, pathology, molecular characterization, and tissue distribution of virus within infected mink during the early phase of the outbreak are provided. Infection spread rapidly between independently housed animals and farms, and caused severe respiratory disease and death. Disease indicators were most notably sudden death, anorexia, and increased respiratory effort. Gross pathology examination revealed severe pulmonary congestion and edema. Microscopically there was pulmonary edema with moderate vasculitis, perivasculitis, and fibrinous interstitial pneumonia. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in multiple organs including nasal turbinates, lung, tracheobronchial lymph node, epithelial surfaces, and others. Localization of viral RNA by in situ hybridization revealed a more localized infection, particularly of the upper respiratory tract. Whole genome sequencing from multiple mink was consistent with published SARS-CoV-2 genomes with few polymorphisms. The Utah mink SARS-CoV-2 strains fell into Clade GH, which is unique among mink and other animal strains sequenced to date. While sharing the N501T mutation which is common in mink, the Utah strains did not share other spike RBD mutations Y453F and F486L found in nearly all mink from the United States. Mink in the outbreak reported herein had high levels of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract associated with symptomatic respiratory disease and death.
动物宿主对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)的易感性以及可能作为持续病毒传播的储主的范围尚不完全清楚。2020 年 8 月,犹他州的五个水貂养殖场爆发了 SARS-CoV-2,与水貂死亡率高(成年水貂的 35-55%)和动物之间快速的病毒传播有关。本文提供了疫情早期感染水貂的前提和临床疾病信息、病理学、分子特征以及病毒在组织内的分布。感染在独立饲养的动物和农场之间迅速传播,导致严重的呼吸道疾病和死亡。疾病指标最明显的是突然死亡、食欲不振和呼吸费力增加。大体病理学检查显示严重的肺充血和水肿。显微镜下,有肺水肿伴中度血管炎、血管周围炎和纤维蛋白性间质性肺炎。尸检采集的组织的逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)显示,在包括鼻甲、肺、气管支气管淋巴结、上皮表面等在内的多个器官中存在 SARS-CoV-2 病毒 RNA。通过原位杂交对病毒 RNA 的定位显示出更局部化的感染,特别是在上呼吸道。来自多个水貂的全基因组测序与已发表的 SARS-CoV-2 基因组一致,仅有少数多态性。犹他州的水貂 SARS-CoV-2 株属于 GH 分支,这在迄今为止测序的水貂和其他动物株中是独特的。尽管与在水貂中常见的 N501T 突变共享,但犹他州的菌株与在美国几乎所有水貂中发现的 Spike RBD 突变 Y453F 和 F486L 不共享。本文报道的疫情中的水貂上呼吸道中存在高水平的 SARS-CoV-2,与有症状的呼吸道疾病和死亡相关。
Emerg Infect Dis. 2021-3
Emerg Infect Dis. 2021-2
Front Vet Sci. 2025-6-23
J Prev Med Hyg. 2024-10-31
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023
Bioscience. 2023-12-18
PeerJ. 2020-12-18
Lancet Infect Dis. 2021-1
Emerg Infect Dis. 2020-12
Emerg Infect Dis. 2021-2
J Virol. 2021-1-13
Emerg Infect Dis. 2020-12