Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, P. R. China.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2022;22(1):25-40. doi: 10.2174/1568026621666211116090456.
Bacterial infections, which cause a wide range of host immune disorders leading to local and systemic tissue damage, are still one of the main causes of patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. Treatment of bacterial infections is challenging, mainly attributed to the rapidly evolving resistance mechanisms, creating an urgent demand to develop novel antibacterial agents. Hybridization is one of the most promising strategies in the development of novel antibacterial drugs with the potential to address drug resistance since different pharmacophores in the hybrid molecules could modulate multiple targets and exert synergistic effects. Isatin, distributed widely in nature, can exert antibacterial properties by acting on diverse enzymes, proteins, and receptors. Accordingly, hybridization of isatin pharmacophores with other antibacterial pharmacophores in one molecule may provide novel antibacterial candidates with broad-spectrum activity against various pathogens, including drug-resistant forms. This review aims to outline the recent advances of natural and synthetic isatin hybrids with antibacterial potential and summarizes the structure-activity relationship (SAR) to provide an insight for the rational design of more active candidates, covering articles published between January 2012 and June 2021.
细菌感染可导致宿主产生广泛的免疫紊乱,导致局部和全身组织损伤,仍然是全球患者发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。治疗细菌感染具有挑战性,主要归因于耐药机制的迅速发展,这就迫切需要开发新型抗菌药物。杂交是开发新型抗菌药物的最有前途的策略之一,因为杂交分子中的不同药效团可以调节多个靶标并发挥协同作用,从而有可能解决耐药性问题。靛红广泛存在于自然界中,可以通过作用于不同的酶、蛋白质和受体来发挥抗菌作用。因此,将靛红药效团与另一个分子中的其他抗菌药效团进行杂交,可能为具有广泛抗菌活性的新型候选药物提供了可能,这些候选药物可以对抗各种病原体,包括耐药形式。本综述旨在概述具有抗菌潜力的天然和合成靛红杂合物的最新进展,并总结构效关系(SAR),为更有效的候选药物的合理设计提供参考,涵盖了 2012 年 1 月至 2021 年 6 月期间发表的文章。
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