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日本云仙火山的地震波速度结构及其与1990 - 1995年喷发期间岩浆上升路径的关系。

Seismic velocity structure of Unzen Volcano, Japan, and relationship to the magma ascent route during eruptions in 1990-1995.

作者信息

Miyano Kanta, Aizawa Koki, Matsushima Takeshi, Shito Azusa, Shimizu Hiroshi

机构信息

Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.

Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Shin'yama, Shimabara, Nagasaki, 855-0843, Japan.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 17;11(1):22407. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00481-6.

Abstract

Subsurface structures may control the migration of magma beneath a volcano. We used high-resolution seismic tomography to image a low- P-wave velocity (Vp) zone beneath Unzen Volcano, Japan, at depths of 3-16 km beneath sea level. The top of this low-Vp zone is located beneath Mt. Fugendake of Unzen volcano, which emitted 0.21 km of dacitic magma as lava domes and pyroclastic flows during eruptions in 1990-1995. Based on hypocenter migrations prior to the 1990-1995 eruptions and modeled pressure source locations for recorded crustal deformation, we conclude that the magma for the 1990-1995 eruptions migrated obliquely upward along the top of the low-Vp zone. As tectonic earthquakes occurred above the deeper part of the low-Vp zone, the deep low-Vp zone is interpreted to be a high-temperature region (> 400 °C) overlying the brittle-ductile transition. By further considering Vs and Vp/Vs structures, we suggest that the deeper part of the low-Vp zone constitutes a highly crystalized magma-mush reservoir, and the shallower part a volatile-rich zone.

摘要

地下构造可能控制着火山下方岩浆的运移。我们利用高分辨率地震层析成像技术,对日本云仙火山下方海平面以下3 - 16千米深处的一个低P波速度(Vp)区进行成像。这个低Vp区的顶部位于云仙火山的普贤岳下方,在1990 - 1995年的火山喷发期间,这里以熔岩穹丘和火山碎屑流的形式喷出了0.21千米的英安质岩浆。基于1990 - 1995年火山喷发前的震源迁移以及记录到的地壳变形的模拟压力源位置,我们得出结论,1990 - 1995年火山喷发的岩浆沿着低Vp区顶部斜向上运移。由于构造地震发生在低Vp区较深部分的上方,深部低Vp区被解释为脆性 - 韧性转变之上的高温区域(> 400°C)。通过进一步考虑Vs和Vp/Vs结构,我们认为低Vp区的较深部分构成了一个高度结晶的岩浆 - 岩浆糊储层,而较浅部分是一个富含挥发物的区域。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5872/8599693/31eff126ea53/41598_2021_481_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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