Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen 31600, Finland.
Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen 31600, Finland.
J Dairy Sci. 2022 Feb;105(2):1211-1224. doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-20537. Epub 2021 Nov 17.
We evaluated the potential of feeding high-oil rapeseed cake or natural additives as rumen modifiers on enteric methane (CH) emissions, nutrient utilization, performance, and milk fatty acid (FA) profile of dairy cows. Eight Nordic Red dairy cows averaging (mean ± SD) 81 ± 21 d in milk and 41.0 ± 1.9 kg of milk yield at the beginning of the study were randomly assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments comprised grass silage-based diets (45:55 forage to concentrate ratio on dry matter basis) including (1) control containing 19.3% rapeseed meal (CON), (2) CON with full replacement of rapeseed meal with rapeseed cake (RSC), (3) supplementation of CON with 50 g/d of yeast hydrolysate product plus coniferous resin acid-based compound (YHR), and (4) supplementation of CON with 20 g/d of combination of garlic-citrus extract and essential oils in a pellet (GCE). Apparent total-tract digestibility was measured using total collection of feces, and CH emissions were measured in respiratory chambers on 4 consecutive days. Data collected during d 17 and 21 in each period were used for ANOVA analysis using a mixed model. Treatments did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), whereas feeding RSC increased crude protein and ether extract digestibility compared with the other diets. Emissions of CH per day, per kilogram of DMI, and per kilogram of energy-corrected milk, and gross energy intake were lower for RSC compared with other diets. We found no effect of YHR on daily CH emissions, whereas CH yield (g of CH/kg of DMI or as percentage of gross energy intake) decreased with GCE compared with CON. Treatments did not influence energy balance. Further, RSC reduced the proportion of N intake excreted in feces, and YHR improved N balance compared with CON diet. Feeding RSC resulted in greatest yields of milk and energy-corrected milk, and feed efficiency. Relative to the CON diet, RSC decreased saturated FA by 10% in milk fat by increasing cis-monounsaturated FA but also increased the proportion of trans FA. Proportion of odd- and branched-chain FA increased with GCE and YHR compared with CON. We conclude that replacing rapeseed meal by rapeseed cake decreased CH emissions, whereas YHR or GCE had no effect on CH emissions in this study.
我们评估了喂养高油油菜籽饼或天然添加剂作为瘤胃调节剂对反刍动物甲烷（CH）排放、养分利用、性能和奶牛乳脂肪酸（FA）谱的潜在影响。8 头北欧红牛奶牛，平均泌乳天数（mean ± SD）为 81 ± 21d，泌乳初期产奶量为 41.0 ± 1.9kg，随机分配到一个重复 4×4 拉丁方设计中，每个周期 21d。处理包括基于草青贮的日粮（干物质基础上 45:55 的粗饲料与精饲料比例），包括（1）含有 19.3%菜籽粕的对照（CON），（2）用油菜籽饼完全替代菜籽粕的对照（RSC），（3）用 50g/d 的酵母水解产物加针叶树脂酸基化合物（YHR）补充对照，（4）用 20g/d 的大蒜-柑橘提取物和精油混合物（GCE）补充对照。使用粪便总收集法测量表观全肠道消化率，在连续 4 天的呼吸室中测量 CH 排放。每个周期的第 17 和 21 天收集的数据用于混合模型的方差分析。处理不影响干物质采食量（DMI），而与其他日粮相比，喂养 RSC 增加了粗蛋白和乙醚提取物消化率。与其他日粮相比，RSC 每千克 DMI、每千克能量校正奶和每千克总能摄入的 CH 日排放量、CH 产率（CH/kg DMI 或作为总能摄入的百分比）较低。我们发现 YHR 对每日 CH 排放没有影响，而与 CON 相比，GCE 降低了 CH 产量（g CH/kg DMI 或作为总能摄入的百分比）。处理不影响能量平衡。此外，RSC 减少了粪便中氮排泄量，而 YHR 与 CON 日粮相比提高了氮平衡。与 CON 日粮相比，喂养 RSC 增加了牛奶和能量校正奶的产量和饲料效率。与 CON 日粮相比，RSC 通过增加顺式单不饱和脂肪酸降低了牛奶脂肪中饱和 FA 的 10%，但也增加了反式 FA 的比例。与 CON 相比，GCE 和 YHR 增加了奇数和支链 FA 的比例。我们得出结论，用油菜籽饼替代菜籽粕减少了 CH 排放，而 YHR 或 GCE 在本研究中对 CH 排放没有影响。
