Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2021 Dec;169:249-258. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.018. Epub 2021 Nov 13.
Industrial activities have led to a gradual and global increase in soil aluminum (Al) and atmospheric CO concentrations. Al bioavailability strongly depends on the soil pH, which in turn is affected by atmospheric CO levels. In spite of the concurrent impact which Al and elevated CO (eCO) could have on plants, their interaction and how it might affect the growth of economically important crop species has not been investigated. Here, we have investigated the combined impact of soil Al and eCO exposure on key C3 (wheat, oat) and C4 (maize, sorghum) crops, at the physiological and biochemical level. Compared to C3 plants, C4 plants accumulated less Al by stimulating soil Al retention through exudation of root organic acids. Consequently, Al-exposed C4 plants maintained photosynthetic performance and anti-oxidative capacity. Exposure to eCO reduced the stress responses of C3 and C4 crops to Al exposure. Elevated CO decreased Al accumulation and oxidative damage in all cereals, and ameliorated C3 plant growth. This was reflected on the biochemical level, where eCO inhibited ROS production and restored RuBisCo activity in C3 crops only. Overall, our data suggest that, compared to C3 crops, C4 cereals are more tolerant to soil Al exposure under current ambient CO (aCO) levels whereas future eCO levels might stimulate Al tolerance in C3 crops.
工业活动导致土壤铝（Al）和大气 CO 浓度逐渐在全球范围内增加。Al 的生物利用度强烈依赖于土壤 pH 值，而土壤 pH 值又受到大气 CO 水平的影响。尽管 Al 和高浓度 CO（eCO）可能同时对植物产生影响，但它们的相互作用以及这种相互作用如何影响经济重要作物的生长尚未得到研究。在这里，我们在生理和生化水平上研究了土壤 Al 和 eCO 暴露对关键的 C3（小麦、燕麦）和 C4（玉米、高粱）作物的综合影响。与 C3 植物相比，C4 植物通过分泌根有机酸来刺激土壤 Al 保持，从而积累较少的 Al。因此，暴露于 Al 下的 C4 植物保持了光合性能和抗氧化能力。暴露于 eCO 降低了 C3 和 C4 作物对 Al 暴露的应激反应。高浓度 CO 减少了所有谷类作物中的 Al 积累和氧化损伤，并改善了 C3 植物的生长。这在生化水平上得到了反映，其中 eCO 仅抑制了 C3 作物中 ROS 的产生并恢复了 RuBisCo 的活性。总的来说，我们的数据表明，与 C3 作物相比，在当前大气 CO（aCO）水平下，C4 谷类作物对土壤 Al 暴露的耐受性更强，而未来的 eCO 水平可能会刺激 C3 作物对 Al 的耐受性。
