Neimeyer Robert A, Testoni Ines, Ronconi Lucia, Biancalani Gianmarco, Antonellini Marco, Dal Corso Laura
Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38111, USA.
Portland Institute for Loss and Transition, Portland, OR 97209, USA.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2021 Oct 29;11(11):149. doi: 10.3390/bs11110149.
Bereavement is an inevitable event that can cause pain, discomfort, and negative consequences in daily life. Spirituality and religiosity can help people cope with loss and bereavement. Sometimes, however, the death of a loved one can challenge core religious beliefs and faith, which has been found to be a risk factor for prolonged mourning.
(1) Determine whether the Italian versions of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) and Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief (ICSG) are valid in translation; (2) Evaluate the impact of socio-demographic variables on ISLES and ICSG dimensions; (3) Test whether Complicated Spiritual Grief mediates the relation between meaning reconstruction after loss and integration of the loss experience; (4) Test whether the representation of death as a form of passage or annihilation further moderated the relation between Complicated Spiritual Grief and integration of the loss.
The sample is composed of 348 participants who had lost a loved person in the prior two years.
The ISLES and ICSG were validated in Italian and are more appropriately interpreted as having a unifactorial structure. A greater spiritual crisis was manifested in participants with less education, who did not actively participate in religious life, and who had lost a friend rather than a close relative. As hypothesised, spiritual struggle in grief mediated the role of continuing bonds, Emptiness and Meaninglessness, and Sense of Peace in predicting integration of the loss. Furthermore, death representation moderated the impact of spiritual grief on loss, such that those participants who viewed death as a form of annihilation rather than passage reported greater integration of the loss.
The role of meaning making in integrating significant loss is partly accounted for by spiritual struggle in a way that can be analysed in Italian contexts through the use of these newly validated instruments.
丧亲之痛是不可避免的事件，会给日常生活带来痛苦、不适和负面后果。精神性和宗教信仰有助于人们应对丧失和丧亲之痛。然而，有时所爱之人的死亡会挑战核心宗教信仰，这已被发现是长期哀悼的一个风险因素。
（1）确定压力性生活经历整合量表（ISLES）和复杂精神悲伤量表（ICSG）的意大利语版本在翻译后是否有效；（2）评估社会人口统计学变量对ISLES和ICSG维度的影响；（3）检验复杂精神悲伤是否介导丧失后意义重构与丧失经历整合之间的关系；（4）检验将死亡表征为一种过渡形式或湮灭形式是否会进一步调节复杂精神悲伤与丧失整合之间 的关系。
样本由348名在过去两年中失去所爱之人的参与者组成。
ISLES和ICSG在意大利语中得到验证，更适合解释为具有单因素结构。受教育程度较低、不积极参与宗教生活且失去的是朋友而非近亲的参与者表现出更大的精神危机。正如假设的那样，悲伤中的精神挣扎介导了持续联系、空虚与无意义以及平和感在预测丧失整合中的作用。此外，死亡表征调节了精神悲伤对丧失的影响，因此那些将死亡视为一种湮灭形式而非过渡形式的参与者报告的丧失整合程度更高。
在整合重大丧失中意义建构的作用部分由精神挣扎所解释，这种精神挣扎在意大利背景下可以通过使用这些新验证的工具进行分析。
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