Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Mol Biol Cell. 2022 May 15;33(6):ar53. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E21-10-0494. Epub 2021 Dec 1.
Granule-plasma membrane docking and fusion can only occur when proteins that enable these reactions are present at the granule-plasma membrane contact. Thus, the mobility of granule membrane proteins may influence docking and membrane fusion. We measured the mobility of vesicle associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1), and synaptotagmin 7 (Syt7) in chromaffin granule membranes in living chromaffin cells. We used a method that is not limited by standard optical resolution. A bright flash of strongly decaying evanescent field produced by total internal reflection was used to photobleach GFP-labeled proteins in the granule membrane. Fluorescence recovery occurs as unbleached protein in the granule membrane distal from the glass interface diffuses into the more bleached proximal regions, enabling the measurement of diffusion coefficients. We found that VAMP2-EGFP and Syt7-EGFP are mobile with a diffusion coefficient of ∼3 × 10 cm/s. Syt1-EGFP mobility was below the detection limit. Utilizing these diffusion parameters, we estimated the time required for these proteins to arrive at docking and nascent fusion sites to be many tens of milliseconds. Our analyses raise the possibility that the diffusion characteristics of VAMP2 and Syt proteins could be a factor that influences the rate of exocytosis.
颗粒-质膜对接和融合只有在能够使这些反应发生的蛋白质存在于颗粒-质膜接触时才会发生。因此,颗粒膜蛋白的流动性可能会影响对接和膜融合。我们在活嗜铬细胞中测量了囊泡相关膜蛋白 2(VAMP2)、突触融合蛋白 1(Syt1)和突触融合蛋白 7(Syt7)在嗜铬颗粒膜中的流动性。我们使用了一种不受标准光学分辨率限制的方法。全内反射产生的强衰减消逝场的明亮闪光被用来光漂白颗粒膜中 GFP 标记的蛋白质。荧光恢复是由于颗粒膜中远离玻璃界面的未漂白蛋白扩散到更漂白的近端区域而发生的,从而能够测量扩散系数。我们发现 VAMP2-EGFP 和 Syt7-EGFP 是可移动的,扩散系数约为 3×10 cm/s。Syt1-EGFP 的流动性低于检测限。利用这些扩散参数,我们估计这些蛋白质到达对接和新生融合位点所需的时间为数十毫秒。我们的分析提出了这样一种可能性,即 VAMP2 和 Syt 蛋白的扩散特性可能是影响胞吐作用速率的一个因素。
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