Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 20;808:152093. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152093. Epub 2021 Dec 1.
Microbes perform a variety of vital functions that are essential for healthy ecosystems, ranging from nutrient recycling, antibiotic production and waste decomposition. In many animals, microbes become an integral part by establishing diverse communities collectively termed as "microbiome/s". Microbiomes defend their hosts against pathogens and provide essential nutrients necessary for their growth and reproduction. The microbiome is a polygenic trait that is dependent on host genotype and environmental variables. However, the alteration of microbiomes by stressful condition and their recovery is still poorly understood. Despite rapid growth in host-associated microbiome studies, very little is known about how they can shape ecological processes. Here, we review current knowledge on the microbiome of Daphnia, its role in fitness, alteration by different stressors, and the ecological and evolutionary aspects of host microbiome interactions. We further discuss how variation in Daphnia physiology, life history traits, and microbiome interactive responses to biotic and abiotic factors could impact patterns of microbial diversity in the total environment, which drives ecosystem function in many freshwater environments. Our literature review provides evidence that microbiome is essential for Daphnia growth, reproduction and tolerance against stressors. Though the core and flexible microbiome of Daphnia is still debatable, it is clear that the Daphnia microbiome is highly dependent on interactions among host genotype, diet and the environment. Different environmental factors alter the microbiome composition and diversity of Daphnia and reduce their fitness. These interactions could have important implications in shaping microbial patterns and their recycling as Daphnia are keystone species in freshwater ecosystem. This review provides a framework for studying these complex relationships to gain a better understanding of the ecological and evolutionary roles of the microbiome.
微生物执行着各种重要的功能，这些功能对健康的生态系统至关重要，包括营养物质循环、抗生素产生和废物分解。在许多动物中，微生物通过建立多样化的群落，共同被称为“微生物组”，成为其不可或缺的一部分。微生物组抵御病原体，为其宿主的生长和繁殖提供必要的营养物质。微生物组是一种多基因特征，依赖于宿主基因型和环境变量。然而，由于应激条件对微生物组的改变及其恢复情况仍知之甚少。尽管宿主相关微生物组的研究进展迅速，但人们对微生物组如何塑造生态过程知之甚少。在这里，我们回顾了关于 Daphnia 的微生物组的现有知识，包括其在适应性方面的作用、不同胁迫因素对其的改变，以及宿主微生物组相互作用的生态和进化方面。我们进一步讨论了 Daphnia 生理学、生活史特征和微生物组对生物和非生物因素的相互反应的变异性如何影响微生物多样性的总体模式，从而驱动许多淡水环境中的生态系统功能。我们的文献综述提供了证据表明，微生物组对 Daphnia 的生长、繁殖和对胁迫的耐受至关重要。尽管 Daphnia 的核心和灵活微生物组仍存在争议，但很明显，Daphnia 的微生物组高度依赖于宿主基因型、饮食和环境之间的相互作用。不同的环境因素改变了 Daphnia 的微生物组组成和多样性，降低了其适应性。这些相互作用可能对塑造微生物模式及其在淡水生态系统中的再循环具有重要意义，因为 Daphnia 是淡水生态系统中的关键物种。本综述为研究这些复杂关系提供了一个框架，以更好地理解微生物组的生态和进化作用。
