Luis-Pérez Carmelo J, Buj-Corral Irene, Sánchez-Casas Xavier
Engineering Department, Arrosadia Campus, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Barcelona School of Engineering (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Nov 27;13(23):4152. doi: 10.3390/polym13234152.
As is widely known, additive manufacturing (AM) allows very complex parts to be manufactured with porous structures at a relatively low cost and in relatively low manufacturing times. However, it is necessary to determine in a precise way the input values that allow better results to be obtained in terms of microgeometry, form errors, and dimensional error. In an earlier work, the influence of the process parameters on surface roughness obtained in fused filament fabrication (FFF) processes was analyzed. This present study focuses on form errors as well as on dimensional error of hemispherical cups, with a similar shape to that of the acetabular cup of hip prostheses. The specimens were 3D printed in polylactic acid (PLA). Process variables are nozzle diameter, temperature, layer height, print speed, and extrusion multiplier. Their influence on roundness, concentricity, and dimensional error is considered. To do this, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) models were used. It was observed that dimensional error, roundness, and concentricity depend mainly on the nozzle diameter and on layer height. Moreover, high nozzle diameter of 0.6 mm and high layer height of 0.3 mm are not recommended. A desirability function was employed along with the ANFIS models in order to determine the optimal manufacturing conditions. The main aim of the multi-objective optimization study was to minimize average surface roughness (Ra) and roundness, while dimensional error was kept within the interval Dimensional Error≤0.01. When the simultaneous optimization of both the internal and the external surface of the parts is performed, it is recommended that a nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm be used, to have a temperature of 197 °C, a layer height of 0.1 mm, a print speed of 42 mm/s, and extrusion multiplier of 94.8%. This study will help to determine the influence of the process parameters on the quality of the manufactured parts.
众所周知，增材制造（AM）能够以相对较低的成本和较短的制造时间制造出具有多孔结构的非常复杂的零件。然而，有必要精确确定输入值，以便在微观几何形状、形状误差和尺寸误差方面获得更好的结果。在早期的一项工作中，分析了工艺参数对熔融长丝制造（FFF）工艺中获得的表面粗糙度的影响。本研究聚焦于与髋关节假体髋臼杯形状相似的半球形杯的形状误差和尺寸误差。这些试样采用聚乳酸（PLA）进行3D打印。工艺变量包括喷嘴直径、温度、层高、打印速度和挤出倍数。考虑了它们对圆度、同心度和尺寸误差的影响。为此，使用了自适应神经模糊推理系统（ANFIS）模型。观察到尺寸误差、圆度和同心度主要取决于喷嘴直径和层高。此外，不建议使用0.6 mm的大喷嘴直径和0.3 mm的大层高。将合意函数与ANFIS模型一起使用，以确定最佳制造条件。多目标优化研究的主要目的是最小化平均表面粗糙度（Ra）和圆度，同时将尺寸误差保持在尺寸误差≤0.01的区间内。当对零件的内表面和外表面同时进行优化时，建议使用0.4 mm的喷嘴直径、197°C的温度、0.1 mm的层高、42 mm/s的打印速度和94.8%的挤出倍数。本研究将有助于确定工艺参数对制造零件质量的影响。
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