Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
Br J Psychol. 2022 Aug;113(3):653-676. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12547. Epub 2021 Dec 17.
Previous studies on perceptual grouping found that people can use spatiotemporal and featural information to group spatially separated rigid objects into a unit while tracking moving objects. However, few studies have tested the role of objects' self-motion information in perceptual grouping, although it is of great significance to the motion perception in the three-dimensional space. In natural environments, objects always move in translation and rotation at the same time. The self-rotation of the objects seriously destroys objects' rigidity and topology, creates conflicting movement signals and results in crowding effects. Thus, this study sought to examine the specific role played by self-rotation information on grouping spatially separated non-rigid objects through a modified multiple object tracking (MOT) paradigm with self-rotating objects. Experiment 1 found that people could use self-rotation information to group spatially separated non-rigid objects, even though this information was deleterious for attentive tracking and irrelevant to the task requirements, and people seemed to use it strategically rather than automatically. Experiment 2 provided stronger evidence that this grouping advantage did come from the self-rotation per se rather than surface-level cues arising from self-rotation (e.g. similar 2D motion signals and common shapes). Experiment 3 changed the stimuli to more natural 3D cubes to strengthen the impression of self-rotation and again found that self-rotation improved grouping. Finally, Experiment 4 demonstrated that grouping by self-rotation and grouping by changing shape were statistically comparable but additive, suggesting that they were two different sources of the object information. Thus, grouping by self-rotation mainly benefited from the perceptual differences in motion flow fields rather than in deformation. Overall, this study is the first attempt to identify self-motion as a new feature that people can use to group objects in dynamic scenes and shed light on debates about what entities/units we group and what kinds of information about a target we process while tracking objects.
先前关于知觉群组的研究发现，人们在跟踪移动物体的同时，可以使用时空和特征信息将空间上分离的刚性物体组合成一个单元。然而，尽管物体自身运动信息对于三维空间中的运动感知具有重要意义，但很少有研究测试其在知觉群组中的作用。在自然环境中，物体总是同时平移和旋转。物体的自身旋转严重破坏了物体的刚性和拓扑结构，产生了相互冲突的运动信号，并导致拥挤效应。因此，本研究通过带有自身旋转物体的改进的多重目标追踪（MOT）范式，旨在检验自身旋转信息在群组空间上分离的非刚性物体中的特定作用。实验 1 发现，即使自身旋转信息对注意力跟踪有害且与任务要求无关，人们也可以使用该信息来群组空间上分离的非刚性物体，而且人们似乎是策略性地而不是自动地使用它。实验 2 提供了更强的证据，表明这种群组优势确实来自于自身旋转本身，而不是源自自身旋转的表面线索（例如，相似的 2D 运动信号和共同的形状）。实验 3 将刺激改为更自然的 3D 立方体，以增强自身旋转的印象，再次发现自身旋转可以改善群组。最后，实验 4 表明，通过自身旋转进行的群组和通过改变形状进行的群组在统计学上是可比的，但具有加性，这表明它们是物体信息的两个不同来源。因此，通过自身旋转进行的群组主要受益于运动流场中的知觉差异，而不是变形。总体而言，本研究首次尝试将自身运动确定为一种新的特征，人们可以使用该特征在动态场景中对物体进行群组，并为关于我们在跟踪物体时对什么实体/单元进行群组以及对目标的哪些信息进行处理的争论提供了启示。
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