Severity of Flare Reactions in Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetate Chelations: Report on Different Immune Dampening Strategies in Clinical Practice.

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to report early clinical experience with various forms of immune dampening to mitigate the expected flare reaction in patients suffering from gadolinium deposition disease (GDD) receiving DTPA chelation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

All patients were clinical subjects, and no prospective research was performed on them. The study included 31 consecutive patients (21 women; age, 46.2 ± 12.5 years). The diagnosis of GDD was clinically made. The severity of the flare over the week after each chelation session was rated on a scale from 1 to 10 (where 1 is negligible, 10 is intolerably severe). Patients were followed for up to 5 chelation sessions. Four immune dampening strategies were used: (1) no concurrent treatment; (2) antihistamine plus montelukast (AH); (3) steroid/antihistamine taper postchelation (SAHT); and (4) steroid/antihistamine extending from prechelation to 5 days postchelation (extended hypersensitivity medication regimen; EHMR). The data were analyzed with generalized linear mixed models and with linear regression.

RESULTS

A total of 102 flare scores were obtained at different time points. Ten patients underwent 5 chelations. The severity of the flare after the first chelation was significantly higher in cases of no concurrent therapy (8.4 ± 2.6) and AH (7 ± 1.4) compared with SAHT (6 ± 1.3) and EHMR (5 ± 1.1). Patients who underwent SAHT and EHMR experienced less severity of flare after the first chelation (P = 0.0049 and P = 0.0005, respectively). Considering all time points, the results were also significantly better with SAHT and EHMR.

CONCLUSION

Based on early clinical experience, EHMR seems to manage flare reactions in DTPA chelation well. This strategy may represent the first standard therapy in patients with GDD.