Batool Syeda Mubashira, Liu Zhimin
College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Peoples Republic of China.
Higher Educational Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Peoples Republic of China.
PLoS One. 2021 Dec 22;16(12):e0261577. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261577. eCollection 2021.
Higher education is considered as the engine of the economic development of a country due to its role in cultivating human capital. The provision of higher education is regarded as a productive investment in human capital for improving nation's productive capacity. However, there is a large gap in enrollment between students of different socioeconomic statuses. The ever-widening socio-economic inequalities between individuals from disadvantaged and advantaged backgrounds make the government's efforts to enroll a higher number of students to pursue higher education challenging in developing countries, as the students' socioeconomic status plays a decisive role in their priority to attain higher education. This study anticipated quantifying the impact of socio-economic indicators and underlying situations on students' enrollment in higher education in Pakistan. A descriptive study, involving correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), clustering, and stepwise regression using 15-years data of enrollment and socio-economic indicators was conducted. The correlation between different socio-economic indicators and students' enrollment was positive and highly significant (0.73 to 0.99), except for the unemployment rate (- 0.39 to -0.57). PCA showed that the first two components were the most influential with 93.85% of the total variation. Enrollment (total and male) showed significant relationships with general government expenditure and unemployment rate, while female enrollment showed a significant relationship with general government expenditure. Findings revealed that socio-economic factors can serve as a significant predictor of students' enrollment in higher education. The minimum values of correlation coefficient (R) and adjusted R2 for enrollment were ranged from 0.875 to 0.748 (female enrollment), while maximum values (0.987 to 0.993 and 0.973 to 0.983), respectively were observed for total enrollment. The findings will assist educationists, social scientists, and policymakers to better understand the association between socio-economic indicators and student enrollment in higher education for formulating future education policies for enhancing enrollment in higher education.
由于高等教育在培养人力资本方面的作用，它被视为一个国家经济发展的引擎。高等教育的提供被视为对人力资本的一种生产性投资，以提高国家的生产能力。然而，不同社会经济地位的学生在入学率方面存在很大差距。来自弱势和优势背景的个人之间日益扩大的社会经济不平等，使得发展中国家政府努力招收更多学生接受高等教育面临挑战，因为学生的社会经济地位在他们接受高等教育的优先级中起着决定性作用。本研究预期量化社会经济指标和潜在情况对巴基斯坦学生高等教育入学率的影响。进行了一项描述性研究，使用15年的入学率和社会经济指标数据，涉及相关性分析、主成分分析（PCA）、聚类分析和逐步回归分析。除失业率（-0.39至-0.57）外，不同社会经济指标与学生入学率之间的相关性为正且高度显著（0.73至0.99）。主成分分析表明，前两个成分最具影响力，占总变异的93.85%。总入学人数（包括男生）与政府一般支出和失业率呈显著关系，而女生入学人数与政府一般支出呈显著关系。研究结果表明，社会经济因素可作为学生高等教育入学率的重要预测指标。入学率的相关系数（R）和调整后的R²的最小值在0.875至0.748之间（女生入学率），而总入学率的最大值分别为（0.987至0.993和0.973至0.983）。这些研究结果将有助于教育工作者、社会科学家和政策制定者更好地理解社会经济指标与高等教育学生入学率之间的关联，以便制定未来的教育政策以提高高等教育入学率。
Curr Popul Rep Popul Charact. 1988-4
Comput Intell Neurosci. 2020
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