State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2022 May;115:465-473. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.03.008. Epub 2021 May 1.
Cross-boundary transport of air pollution is a difficult issue in pollution control for the North China Plain. In this study, an industrial district (Shahe City) with a large glass manufacturing sector was investigated to clarify the relative contribution of fine particulate matter (PM) to the city's high levels of pollution. The Nest Air Quality Prediction Model System (NAQPMS), paired with Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), was adopted and applied with a spatial resolution of 5 km. During the study period, the mean mass concentrations of PM, SO, and NO were observed to be 132.0, 76.1, and 55.5 μg/m, respectively. The model reproduced the variations in pollutant concentrations in Shahe at an acceptable level. The simulation of online source-tagging revealed that pollutants emitted within a 50-km radius of downtown Shahe contributed 63.4% of the city's total PM concentration. This contribution increased to 73.9±21.2% when unfavorable meteorological conditions (high relative humidity, weak wind, and low planetary boundary layer height) were present; such conditions are more frequently associated with severe pollution (PM ≥ 250 μg/m). The contribution from Shahe was 52.3±21.6%. The source apportionment results showed that industry (47%), transportation (10%), power (17%), and residential (26%) sectors were the most important sources of PM in Shahe. The glass factories (where chimney stack heights were normally < 70 m) in Shahe contributed 32.1% of the total PM concentration in Shahe. With an increase in PM concentration, the emissions from glass factories accumulated vertically and narrowed horizontally. At times when pollution levels were severe, the horizontally influenced area mainly covered Shahe. Furthermore, sensitivity tests indicated that reducing emissions by 20%, 40%, and 60% could lead to a decrease in the mass concentration of PM of of 12.0%, 23.8%, and 35.5%, respectively.
跨区域空气污染传输是华北平原污染控制的一个难题。本研究以一个拥有大型玻璃制造产业的工业城区（沙河市）为对象，旨在厘清细颗粒物（PM）对城市高污染水平的相对贡献。采用嵌套空气质量预测模型系统（NAQPMS）与天气研究和预报模型（WRF）相结合的方法，空间分辨率为 5km。研究期间，观测到 PM、SO 和 NO 的质量浓度均值分别为 132.0、76.1 和 55.5μg/m。模型在可接受的水平上再现了沙河市污染物浓度的变化。在线源标记模拟显示，在沙河市市区 50 公里半径范围内排放的污染物对城市 PM 浓度的总贡献为 63.4%。当出现不利的气象条件（高相对湿度、弱风和低行星边界层高度）时，这一贡献增加到 73.9±21.2%；这种条件与严重污染（PM≥250μg/m）更为相关。沙河市自身的贡献为 52.3±21.6%。源解析结果表明，工业（47%）、交通（10%）、电力（17%）和住宅（26%）部门是沙河市 PM 的最重要来源。沙河市的玻璃厂（烟囱通常<70m）对沙河市总 PM 浓度的贡献为 32.1%。随着 PM 浓度的增加，玻璃厂的排放物在垂直方向上积累，在水平方向上变窄。在污染水平严重的时候，水平影响区域主要覆盖沙河市。此外，敏感性测试表明，将排放量减少 20%、40%和 60%，可分别使 PM 质量浓度降低 12.0%、23.8%和 35.5%。
