Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Division Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2022 Dec;142(12):3853-3861. doi: 10.1007/s00402-021-04286-0. Epub 2022 Jan 1.
Surgical training and biomechanical testing require models that realistically represent the in vivo injury condition. The aim of this work was to develop and test a method for the generation of distal humerus fractures and olecranon fractures in human specimens, while preserving the soft tissue envelope.
Twenty-one cadaveric upper extremity specimens (7 female, 14 male) were used. Two different experimental setups were developed, one to generate distal humerus fractures and one to generate olecranon fractures. Specimens were placed in a material testing machine and fractured with a predefined displacement. The force required for fracturing and the corresponding displacement were recorded and the induced energy was derived of the force-displacement graphs. After fracturing, CT imaging was performed and fractures were classified according to the AO classification.
Eleven distal humerus fractures and 10 olecranon fractures with intact soft tissue envelope could be created. Distal humerus fractures were classified as AO type C (n = 9) and as type B (n = 2), all olecranon fractures were classified as AO type B (n = 10). Distal humerus fractures required significantly more load than olecranon fractures (6077 N ± 1583 vs 4136 N ± 2368, p = 0.038) and absorbed more energy until fracture than olecranon fractures (17.8 J ± 9.1 vs 11.7 J ± 7.6, p = 0.11), while the displacement at fracture was similar (5.8 mm ± 1.6 vs 5.9 mm ± 3.1, p = 0.89).
The experimental setups are suitable for generating olecranon fractures and distal humerus fractures with intact soft tissue mantle for surgical training and biomechanical testing.
外科培训和生物力学测试需要真实模拟体内损伤情况的模型。本研究旨在开发和测试一种在保留软组织覆盖的情况下，在人体标本上生成肱骨远端骨折和尺骨鹰嘴骨折的方法。
共使用 21 具尸体上肢标本（7 名女性，14 名男性）。开发了两种不同的实验装置，一种用于生成肱骨远端骨折，另一种用于生成尺骨鹰嘴骨折。标本放置在材料试验机上，用预设的位移进行骨折。记录骨折所需的力和相应的位移，并从力-位移图中得出产生的能量。骨折后进行 CT 成像，并根据 AO 分类对骨折进行分类。
共成功创建了 11 例肱骨远端骨折和 10 例尺骨鹰嘴骨折，且均保留了完整的软组织覆盖。肱骨远端骨折分为 AO 型 C（n=9）和 B 型（n=2），所有尺骨鹰嘴骨折均为 AO 型 B（n=10）。肱骨远端骨折所需的负荷明显高于尺骨鹰嘴骨折（6077N±1583 与 4136N±2368，p=0.038），且在骨折前吸收的能量也多于尺骨鹰嘴骨折（17.8J±9.1 与 11.7J±7.6，p=0.11），而骨折时的位移相似（5.8mm±1.6 与 5.9mm±3.1，p=0.89）。
该实验装置适用于生成带有完整软组织覆盖的尺骨鹰嘴骨折和肱骨远端骨折，可用于外科培训和生物力学测试。
