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辐射诱导突变、生理生化分析及甘蔗 CoM 0265 突变体的田间评价。

Radiation induced mutagenesis, physio-biochemical profiling and field evaluation of mutants in sugarcane cv. CoM 0265.

机构信息

Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, India.

Tissue Culture Unit, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, India.

出版信息

Int J Radiat Biol. 2022;98(7):1261-1276. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2024291. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

Abstract

PURPOSE

Sugarcane is an important cash crop and is affected by soil salinity. CoM 0265, a moderately salt-tolerant variety grown in the Maharashtra region (India), has low sugar content. The present study was aimed to employ gamma ray induced in vitro mutagenesis with repeated and step-wise selection in sugarcane for the isolation and physio-biochemical profiling of the selected salt-tolerant mutants for improved agronomic performance and sugar content.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Embryogenic callus culture of CoM 0265 variety was subjected to different doses of gamma radiation (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 Gy) followed by selection on NaCl containing media (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl). The regenerated plantlets were hardened and selected based on ground nursery field trial on normal soil and saline field trial, in augmented block design for the selected mutant clones. Different physio-biochemical changes and activity of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed in the salt selected in vitro cultures and field-grown mutant clones.

RESULTS

Dose optimization showed 40 Gy as the LD for gamma radiation and 150 mM NaCl as the dose for in vitro selection experiments. The selected mutant clones showed higher tissue water content (TWC), chlorophyll, and lower sodium content indicative of tolerance to salt stress. Catalase and peroxidase enzyme activities in the top visible dewlap (TVD) of the putative mutant clones were significantly higher than the control. The average yield and sucrose percent of the selected mutant clones were significantly higher than control checks in the saline field trial. Mutant clones M8457 and M8721 exhibited improved yield and commercial cane sugar over the parent control check varieties under saline field conditions. Catalase activity was strongly associated with TWC ( = 0.34) and chlorophyll content ( = 0.41) while it was negatively correlated with sodium ion content ( = -0.38). Peroxidase activity in TVD also showed a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll content ( = 0.42) and a negative correlation with sodium ion content (=-0.39). The improvement in yield and CCS (t/ha) was strongly associated with the lower sodium ion content of the mutant clones (=-0.54 and -0.53, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Gamma ray induced mutants were isolated for improved sucrose and high yield in sugarcane var. CoM 0265. The results suggest that gamma radiation induced mutations result in physiological and metabolomic alterations for better growth and adaptation under in vitro and field stress conditions in sugarcane. The improved mutants can be further useful for commercial cultivation in saline areas.

摘要

目的

甘蔗是一种重要的经济作物,受到土壤盐分的影响。在马哈拉施特拉邦(印度)种植的中度耐盐品种 CoM 0265 含糖量低。本研究旨在利用甘蔗体外诱变技术,采用重复和逐步选择,分离和生理生化鉴定耐盐突变体,提高农艺性能和含糖量。

材料和方法

对 CoM 0265 品种的胚性愈伤组织进行不同剂量的伽马射线辐射(10、20、30、40、50 和 60Gy),然后在含有 NaCl 的培养基上进行选择(50、100、150、200 和 250mM NaCl)。再生的植株在正常土壤和盐渍地进行田间试验,并在增强型区组设计中根据地面苗圃田间试验进行硬化和选择,以获得选定的突变体克隆。在体外培养和田间生长的突变体克隆中分析了不同的生理生化变化和抗氧化酶的活性。

结果

剂量优化显示 40Gy 为伽马辐射的 LD,150mM NaCl 为体外选择实验的剂量。所选突变体克隆表现出较高的组织含水量(TWC)、叶绿素含量和较低的钠含量,表明对盐胁迫的耐受性。在假定的突变体克隆的顶部可见叶舌(TVD)中,过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的活性明显高于对照。在盐渍地试验中,所选突变体克隆的平均产量和蔗糖百分率明显高于对照。在盐渍地条件下,突变体克隆 M8457 和 M8721 的产量和商业用蔗糖均高于对照品种。过氧化氢酶活性与 TWC( = 0.34)和叶绿素含量( = 0.41)呈显著正相关,而与钠离子含量( = -0.38)呈负相关。TVD 中的过氧化物酶活性也与叶绿素含量( = 0.42)呈显著正相关,与钠离子含量(=-0.39)呈负相关。产量和 CCS(吨/公顷)的提高与突变体克隆中钠离子含量的降低密切相关(=-0.54 和-0.53)。

结论

为了提高甘蔗品种 CoM 0265 的蔗糖和产量,分离出了伽马射线诱导的突变体。结果表明,伽马射线诱导的突变导致了生理和代谢组学的改变,从而在甘蔗的体外和田间胁迫条件下更好地生长和适应。改良的突变体可进一步用于盐渍地区的商业种植。

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