Hermans P E, Cockerill F R
Division of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1987 Dec;62(12):1108-15. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62505-1.
Amantadine is well established as the preferred antiviral agent for the prophylaxis of influenza A and may also be beneficial therapeutically when used early in the course of the disease. Idoxuridine is applicable only in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Currently, acyclovir is the most effective agent for the treatment of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections. Ribavirin has recently been released for use in aerosol form for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections that occur in infants and young children. Vidarabine, which previously was the drug of choice in the treatment of severe herpetic infections, has now been replaced by the more effective acyclovir. Ganciclovir, an experimental agent, has shown promise against cytomegalovirus infections in patients who have undergone kidney or liver transplantation, but its effects are only temporary in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who have cytomegalovirus infections.
金刚烷胺已被公认为预防甲型流感的首选抗病毒药物，在疾病早期使用时也可能具有治疗益处。碘苷仅适用于疱疹性角膜炎的治疗。目前，阿昔洛韦是治疗单纯疱疹和水痘 - 带状疱疹病毒感染最有效的药物。利巴韦林最近已获批以气雾剂形式用于治疗婴幼儿严重呼吸道合胞病毒感染。阿糖腺苷以前是治疗严重疱疹感染的首选药物，现已被更有效的阿昔洛韦所取代。更昔洛韦是一种实验性药物，已显示出对肾或肝移植患者的巨细胞病毒感染有疗效，但对骨髓移植患者和患有巨细胞病毒感染的获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）患者，其效果只是暂时的。
