Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Department of Physical Therapy, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jan 5;22(1):385. doi: 10.3390/s22010385.
A stroke often bequeaths surviving patients with impaired neuromusculoskeletal systems subjecting them to increased risk of injury (e.g., due to falls) even during activities of daily living. The risk of injuries to such individuals can be related to alterations in their movement. Using inertial sensors to record the digital biomarkers during turning could reveal the relevant turning alterations.
In this study, movement alterations in stroke survivors (SS) were studied and compared to healthy individuals (HI) in the entire turning task due to its requirement of synergistic application of multiple bodily systems.
The motion of 28 participants (14 SS, 14 HI) during turning was captured using a set of four Inertial Measurement Units, placed on their sternum, sacrum, and both shanks. The motion signals were segmented using the temporal and spatial segmentation of the data from the leading and trailing shanks. Several kinematic parameters, including the range of motion and angular velocity of the four body segments, turning time, the number of cycles involved in the turning task, and portion of the stance phase while turning, were extracted for each participant.
The results of temporal processing of the data and comparison between the SS and HI showed that SS had more cycles involved in turning, turn duration, stance phase, range of motion in flexion-extension, and lateral bending for sternum and sacrum (-value < 0.035). However, HI exhibited larger angular velocity in flexion-extension for all four segments. The results of the spatial processing, in agreement with the prior method, showed no difference between the range of motion in flexion-extension of both shanks (-value > 0.08). However, it revealed that the angular velocity of the shanks of leading and trailing legs in the direction of turn was more extensive in the HI (-value < 0.01).
The changes in upper/lower body segments of SS could be adequately identified and quantified by IMU sensors. The identified kinematic changes in SS, such as the lower flexion-extension angular velocity of the four body segments and larger lateral bending range of motion in sternum and sacrum compared to HI in turning, could be due to the lack of proper core stability and effect of turning on vestibular system of the participants. This research could facilitate the development of a targeted and efficient rehabilitation program focusing on the affected aspects of turning movement for the stroke community.
中风常导致幸存患者的神经肌肉骨骼系统受损，使他们在日常生活活动中甚至更容易受伤（例如，由于跌倒）。这些个体受伤的风险可能与他们运动的改变有关。使用惯性传感器记录转身过程中的数字生物标志物可以揭示相关的转身变化。
本研究旨在研究中风幸存者（SS）的运动变化，并将其与健康个体（HI）在整个转身任务中的运动变化进行比较，因为转身任务需要协同应用多个身体系统。
使用一组四个惯性测量单元（放置在胸骨、骶骨和两个小腿上）来捕捉 28 名参与者（14 名 SS，14 名 HI）在转身过程中的运动。使用数据的时间和空间分割来分割运动信号，来自领先和尾随小腿的。为每个参与者提取了几个运动学参数，包括四个身体部位的运动范围和角速度、转身时间、转身任务涉及的周期数以及转身过程中站立阶段的部分。
数据的时间处理结果和 SS 与 HI 之间的比较表明，SS 参与转身的周期更多，转身持续时间、站立阶段、胸骨和骶骨屈伸的运动范围以及屈伸时的站立阶段更大（-值<0.035）。然而，HI 所有四个部位的屈伸角速度都较大。空间处理的结果与之前的方法一致，两个小腿的屈伸运动范围没有差异（-值>0.08）。然而，它表明在 HI 中，转弯方向的主导和尾随腿的小腿角速度更广泛（-值<0.01）。
IMU 传感器可以充分识别和量化 SS 上下体节段的变化。在转身过程中，SS 出现的运动学变化，如四个身体部位的下屈伸角速度降低，胸骨和骶骨的侧向弯曲运动范围增大，与 HI 相比，这些变化可能是由于核心稳定性不足和参与者的转身对前庭系统的影响。这项研究可以促进针对中风群体转身运动受影响方面的有针对性和有效的康复计划的发展。
