Brzezińska-Rojek Joanna, Rutkowska Małgorzata, Brzezicha Justyna, Konieczka Piotr, Prokopowicz Magdalena, Grembecka Małgorzata
Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 27;14(1):106. doi: 10.3390/nu14010106.
There is a lack of data on the actual composition and effectiveness of beetroot-based dietary supplements. The research aimed to determine the profile of 22 elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, As, Se, Zn, Cu, Ag, Co, Ni, Mo, Al, Mn, Sr, Cr, Ba, Li, Pb, Cd) in beetroot and its supplements by the microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES) method. The analytical procedure was optimised and validated. The composition of both groups was compared, assessing compliance with the recommended daily doses for the chosen elements, and the health risk was estimated. Furthermore, chemometric analysis was applied. Beetroots constituted a significant source of elements, especially K, Na, Mg, Ca, P, in contrast to supplements which contained their negligible amounts except from iron-enriched products which provided notable amounts of Fe (38.3-88% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for an adult male from 19 to 75 years old). Some products were significantly contaminated with toxic elements (As, Cd). Factor and cluster analyses were helpful in the differentiation of beetroot and its supplements in view of their type (vegetable, supplement, iron-enriched supplement), origin, type of cultivation (conventional, organic), and form (capsule, tablet) based on their mineral composition. The obtained results indicate the need for more stringent control of supplements, as they may pose a significant health risk to consumers.
关于以甜菜根为基础的膳食补充剂的实际成分和功效，目前缺乏数据。本研究旨在通过微波等离子体原子发射光谱法（MP-AES）测定甜菜根及其补充剂中22种元素（钠、钾、钙、镁、磷、铁、砷、硒、锌、铜、银、钴、镍、钼、铝、锰、锶、铬、钡、锂、铅、镉）的含量。对分析程序进行了优化和验证。比较了两组的成分，评估所选元素与推荐每日摄入量的符合情况，并估计了健康风险。此外，还应用了化学计量学分析。甜菜根是元素的重要来源，尤其是钾、钠、镁、钙、磷，而补充剂中这些元素的含量可忽略不计，除了富含铁的产品提供了可观的铁含量（占19至75岁成年男性推荐膳食摄入量的38.3-88%）。一些产品被有毒元素（砷、镉）严重污染。因子分析和聚类分析有助于根据甜菜根及其补充剂的类型（蔬菜、补充剂、富含铁的补充剂）、产地、种植类型（传统、有机）和形式（胶囊、片剂），基于其矿物质组成进行区分。所得结果表明需要对补充剂进行更严格的控制，因为它们可能对消费者构成重大健康风险。
