Pryyma Alla, Matinkhoo Kaveh, Bu Yong Jia, Merkens Helen, Zhang Zhengxing, Bénard Francois, Perrin David M
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3 Canada.
RSC Chem Biol. 2021 Oct 7;3(1):69-78. doi: 10.1039/d1cb00036e. eCollection 2022 Jan 5.
Targeted cancer therapy represents a paradigm-shifting approach that aims to deliver a toxic payload selectively to target-expressing cells thereby sparing normal tissues the off-target effects associated with traditional chemotherapeutics. Since most targeted constructs rely on standard microtubule inhibitors or DNA-reactive molecules as payloads, new toxins that inhibit other intracellular targets are needed to realize the full potential of targeted therapy. Among these new payloads, α-amanitin has gained attraction as a payload in targeted therapy. Here, we conjugate two synthetic amanitins at different sites to demonstrate their utility as payloads in peptide drug conjugates (PDCs). As an exemplary targeting agent, we chose octreotate, a well-studied somatostatin receptor (sstr2) peptide agonist for the conjugation to synthetic amatoxins three tailor-built linkers. The linker chemistry permitted the evaluation of one non-cleavable and two cleavable self-immolative conjugates. The immolating linkers were chosen to take advantage of either the reducing potential of the intracellular environment or the high levels of lysosomal proteases in tumor cells to trigger toxin release. Cell-based assays on target-positive Ar42J cells revealed target-specific reduction in viability with up to 1000-fold enhancement in bioactivity compared to the untargeted amatoxins. Altogether, this preliminary study enabled the development of a highly modular synthetic platform for the construction of amanitin-based conjugates that can be readily extended to various targeting moieties.
靶向癌症治疗代表了一种范式转变的方法,其旨在将有毒有效载荷选择性地递送至表达靶标的细胞,从而使正常组织免受与传统化疗相关的脱靶效应。由于大多数靶向构建体依赖于标准微管抑制剂或DNA反应性分子作为有效载荷,因此需要能够抑制其他细胞内靶点的新型毒素来充分发挥靶向治疗的潜力。在这些新型有效载荷中,α-鹅膏蕈碱作为靶向治疗中的一种有效载荷受到了关注。在此,我们在不同位点偶联了两种合成鹅膏毒素,以证明它们作为肽药物偶联物(PDC)中有效载荷的效用。作为一种示例性靶向剂,我们选择了奥曲肽,这是一种经过充分研究的生长抑素受体(sstr2)肽激动剂,用于与合成鹅膏毒素通过三种定制的连接子进行偶联。连接子化学性质允许评估一种不可裂解和两种可裂解的自毁性偶联物。选择自毁性连接子是为了利用细胞内环境的还原电位或肿瘤细胞中高水平的溶酶体蛋白酶来触发毒素释放。对靶标阳性的Ar42J细胞进行的基于细胞的测定显示,与非靶向鹅膏毒素相比,细胞活力有靶标特异性降低,生物活性提高了多达1000倍。总之,这项初步研究促成了一个高度模块化的合成平台的开发,用于构建基于鹅膏毒素的偶联物,该平台可轻松扩展到各种靶向部分。
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