Costa-Requena Gema, Garcia-Garijo Mercedes, Richart-Aznar Paula, Segura-Huerta Ángel
Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Tower-B. 7-Floor, Avinguda Fernando Abril Martorell, 106-46026, Valencia, Spain.
Genetic Counselling Unit for Hereditary Cancer, Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
J Community Genet. 2022 Jun;13(3):339-346. doi: 10.1007/s12687-022-00580-5. Epub 2022 Feb 8.
An integral part of the genetic counselling process is the assessment of psychiatric morbidity. The objectives of this study were first to assess psychometric properties of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28items) in a Spanish sample at increased risk of hereditary cancer, and second evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and the contribution of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics to predict distress.
A cross-sectional study was designed with 766 patients. Psychometric analysis with exploratory factor analysis was performed. The influences of socio-demographic characteristics were investigated by multiple linear regression analyses.
Factor analysis supported the four-factor solution of the original GHQ-28; Depression and Social dysfunction scales were more stable than Anxiety and Somatic symptom scales. Psychiatric morbidity was detected in 212 (27.9%) patients. The variables predicting psychiatric morbidity were gender, age, patient affected by cancer, previous psychiatric treatment, and patients with relatives affected by cancer. The higher prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was in the age group from 41 to 59 years (16.73%), women (24.37%), patients affected by cancer (19.89%), patients without previous psychiatric treatment (20.82%), and patients with relatives affected by cancer (21.74%).
Screening psychological distress should consider socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with reference to improve the quality of care.
Clinical trials identifier: NCT04428710.
遗传咨询过程的一个重要组成部分是对精神疾病发病率的评估。本研究的目的，一是在遗传性癌症风险增加的西班牙样本中评估一般健康问卷（GHQ - 28项）的心理测量特性，二是评估精神疾病的患病率以及社会人口学和临床特征对预测痛苦的作用。
设计了一项针对766名患者的横断面研究。采用探索性因素分析进行心理测量分析。通过多元线性回归分析研究社会人口学特征的影响。
因素分析支持了原始GHQ - 28的四因素解决方案；抑郁和社会功能障碍量表比焦虑和躯体症状量表更稳定。在212名（27.9%）患者中检测到精神疾病。预测精神疾病的变量有性别、年龄、患癌患者、既往精神治疗史以及有亲属患癌的患者。精神症状患病率较高的是41至59岁年龄组（16.73%）、女性（24.37%）、患癌患者（19.89%）、无既往精神治疗史的患者（20.82%）以及有亲属患癌的患者（21.74%）。
筛查心理痛苦时应考虑社会人口学和临床特征，以提高护理质量。
临床试验标识符：NCT04428710。
