Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy.
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2022 May;1869(5):119237. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119237. Epub 2022 Feb 9.
Nucleotides are released from all cells through regulated pathways or as a result of plasma membrane damage or cell death. Outside the cell, nucleotides act as signalling molecules triggering multiple responses via specific plasma membrane receptors of the P2 family. In the nervous system, purinergic signalling has a key function in neurotransmission. Outside the nervous system, purinergic signalling is one of the major modulators of basal tissue homeostasis, while its dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of various disease, including inflammation and cancer. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence shows that selective P2 agonists or antagonists are effective treatments for many pathologies, thus highlighting the relevance of extracellular nucleotides and P2 receptors as therapeutic targets.
核苷酸通过受调控的途径从所有细胞中释放，或者由于质膜损伤或细胞死亡而释放。在细胞外，核苷酸作为信号分子通过 P2 家族的特定质膜受体触发多种反应。在神经系统中，嘌呤能信号在神经传递中起关键作用。在神经系统外，嘌呤能信号是基础组织稳态的主要调节剂之一，而其失调导致多种疾病的发病机制，包括炎症和癌症。临床前和临床证据表明，选择性 P2 激动剂或拮抗剂是许多病理的有效治疗方法，因此突出了细胞外核苷酸和 P2 受体作为治疗靶点的相关性。
