School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2022 Feb 28;50(4):1829-1848. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac090.
DNA G4-structures from human c-MYC promoter and telomere are considered as important drug targets; however, the developing of small-molecule-based fluorescent binding ligands that are highly selective in targeting these G4-structures over other types of nucleic acids is challenging. We herein report a new approach of designing small molecules based on a non-selective thiazole orange scaffold to provide two-directional and multi-site interactions with flanking residues and loops of the G4-motif for better selectivity. The ligands are designed to establish multi-site interactions in the G4-binding pocket. This structural feature may render the molecules higher selectivity toward c-MYC G4s than other structures. The ligand-G4 interaction studied with 1H NMR may suggest a stacking interaction with the terminal G-tetrad. Moreover, the intracellular co-localization study with BG4 and cellular competition experiments with BRACO-19 may suggest that the binding targets of the ligands in cells are most probably G4-structures. Furthermore, the ligands that either preferentially bind to c-MYC promoter or telomeric G4s are able to downregulate markedly the c-MYC and hTERT gene expression in MCF-7 cells, and induce senescence and DNA damage to cancer cells. The in vivo antitumor activity of the ligands in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice is also demonstrated.
人类 c-MYC 启动子和端粒的 DNA G4 结构被认为是重要的药物靶点;然而,开发能够高度选择性地针对这些 G4 结构而不是其他类型核酸的基于小分子的荧光结合配体是具有挑战性的。本文报道了一种基于非选择性噻唑橙骨架设计小分子的新方法,该方法提供了与 G4 基序侧翼残基和环的双向和多点相互作用,以提高选择性。配体设计用于在 G4 结合口袋中建立多点相互作用。这种结构特征可能使这些分子对 c-MYC G4 具有比其他结构更高的选择性。通过 1H NMR 研究的配体-G4 相互作用可能表明与末端 G-四联体的堆叠相互作用。此外,与 BG4 的细胞共定位研究和与 BRACO-19 的细胞竞争实验表明,配体在细胞中的结合靶标很可能是 G4 结构。此外,优先结合 c-MYC 启动子或端粒 G4 的配体能够显著下调 MCF-7 细胞中的 c-MYC 和 hTERT 基因表达,并诱导癌细胞衰老和 DNA 损伤。还在 MCF-7 荷瘤小鼠中证明了配体的体内抗肿瘤活性。