Lin Dai-Ting, Kao Ning-Juo, Cross Tzu-Wen Liu, Lee Wei-Ju, Lin Shyh-Hsiang
School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
J Nutr Biochem. 2022 Jun;104:108974. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108974. Epub 2022 Feb 20.
Long-term dietary intake of elevated levels of refined sugars, fats and cholesterols is among the factors causing cognitive impairment. Ketone bodies can be used as an alternative energy source when glucose is not available. The study investigated the effects of a ketogenic diet (medium chain triglyceride, MCT) on cognitive performance after a long-term consumption of a high-fat-high-cholesterol diet using a mice model. Seventy eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFHC diet for 16 weeks to establish a model of an HFHC dietary pattern, before receiving intervention diets containing MCT diet or with Metformin for another 8 weeks in the second part of the experiment. Spatial learning, memory performance, and cortical and hippocampal protein expression levels were assessed. After consuming the HFHC diet for 16 weeks and subsequently receiving the MCT diet for 8 weeks, results showed that the mice fed a MCT diet had significantly better spatial learning and memory performance, lower expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), amyloid protein precursor (APP) and phosphate tau, and higher expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) than the mice fed the HFHC diet. Long-term consumption of an HFHC diet caused a decline in cognitive functions and increased the risk factors for neurodegeneration, such as BBB permeability, neuropathy and inflammation. An MCT diet can be considered as an option for slowing down the early stage of neurodegeneration in mice.
长期饮食中摄入高水平的精制糖、脂肪和胆固醇是导致认知障碍的因素之一。当无法获得葡萄糖时，酮体可作为替代能源。该研究使用小鼠模型，调查了长期食用高脂肪高胆固醇饮食后，生酮饮食（中链甘油三酯，MCT）对认知能力的影响。78只8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠先喂食16周的高脂肪高胆固醇饮食以建立高脂肪高胆固醇饮食模式模型，然后在实验的第二部分再接受含MCT饮食或二甲双胍的干预饮食8周。评估了空间学习、记忆能力以及皮质和海马体中的蛋白质表达水平。在食用16周高脂肪高胆固醇饮食并随后接受8周MCT饮食后，结果显示，与喂食高脂肪高胆固醇饮食的小鼠相比，但喂食MCT饮食的小鼠具有明显更好的空间学习和记忆能力，核因子κB（NF-κB）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、淀粉样蛋白前体（APP）和磷酸化tau蛋白的表达较低，而脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的表达较高。长期食用高脂肪高胆固醇饮食会导致认知功能下降，并增加神经退行性变的危险因素，如血脑屏障通透性、神经病变和炎症。MCT饮食可被视为减缓小鼠神经退行性变早期阶段的一种选择。
